论未成年人受侵害赔偿中的过失相抵
发布时间：2019-01-05 20:24
【摘要】：侵权案件有一类特殊的受害人——未成年人,他们具有未成年及受害人的双重弱势身份,未成年人遭受侵害时责任承担涉及加害人、未成年受害人自身、监护人三方。此时三方责任的划分已经较为复杂,更何况涉及未成年人受侵害赔偿中的过失相抵问题。我国民法体系仅有一般侵权责任承担过失相抵的法律规定,对于未成年受害人的过失相抵仍处于法律无特别规定状态。目前我国司法实践处理该类案件以最高人民法院20余年前的两个复函为指导,凡未成年人受侵害案件,大多由加害人及受害人一方同时承担责任。根本不考虑未成年受害人的过错问题,无论是未成年受害人的过错还是监护人的监护过失,均视为受害人一方的过错直接适用过错相抵规则,进而减轻加害人的损害赔偿责任。学术界对司法审判机关一刀切的粗糙处理方式持质疑、批判态度。 本文以云南省鲁甸县人民法院张某甲触电人身损害判决为典型案例进行分析,引出问题；从过失相抵的基本概念入手,通过对过失相抵特征、构成要件的深入研究,归纳整理过失相抵的相关理论,为全文做好理论铺垫。本文采用各家理论梳理分析、比较法视野考察分析的方法,对未成年人受侵害赔偿中适用过失相抵中适用原则及存在的“未成年受侵害时自身过失”、“未成年人受侵害时监护人承担过失责任”两大争议问题专项详尽分析。研究认为未成年受侵害赔偿过失相抵中,未成年人具有辨识能力为适用的前提,适用中未成年受害人自身过失不容忽视,监护人违反监护职责的过失造成未成年人损害结果的发生或者损害范围及程度扩大时监护人应直接承担对未成年人的损害赔偿,不宜适用过失相抵。并对我国未成年人损害赔偿中过失相抵适用立法及司法实践的现状进行分析提出相应可行的完善建议。旨在设立加害人与受害人侵害责任均衡分担,加大对未成年人的保护力度。
[Abstract]:Infringement cases have a special kind of victims-minors, they have the underage and the victim's double vulnerable status, the minor is responsible for the victimizer, the minor victim himself and the guardian when the minor is infringed. At this time, the division of tripartite liability has been more complex, let alone involving the problem of compensation for minor infringement. The civil law system of our country only has the legal stipulation that the general tort liability bears the fault offset, but the fault offset of the minor victim is still in the state of law. At present, the judicial practice in our country deals with this kind of cases under the guidance of two replies from the Supreme people's Court more than 20 years ago. The fault of the minor victim is not considered at all. Whether the fault of the minor victim or the guardian's fault is regarded as the fault of the victim, the fault offset rule is applied directly, and the damage compensation liability of the offender is reduced. The academic circles hold doubt and critical attitude to the rough way of dealing with the judicial organs in a one-size-fits-all manner. This paper analyzes the typical case of personal injury judgment of Zhang Mou A of the people's Court of Ludian County, Yunnan Province, and leads to the problem. Starting from the basic concept of fault offset, through the in-depth study of fault offset characteristics and constitutive elements, this paper summarizes and arranges the relevant theories of fault offset, and makes a good theoretical foundation for the full text. This article uses various theories to sort out the analysis, the comparative law visual field inspection analysis method, applies to the minor in the infringement compensation in the application principle and the existence "minor is infringed upon own fault", "minors infringed upon the guardian to bear the responsibility for negligence" two major dispute issues specific detailed analysis. It is considered that in the compensation for minor infringement, the minor's ability to identify is the prerequisite, and the minor victim's own fault should not be ignored. The guardian should bear the damage compensation directly when the guardian violates the duty of guardianship, which results in the result of the minor damage or when the scope and extent of the damage is enlarged. It is not appropriate to apply the fault offset. The author also puts forward some feasible suggestions on the application of legislation and judicial practice in the compensation for minor damages. The purpose of this paper is to establish a balanced sharing of victimizer and victim infringement responsibility and to strengthen the protection of minors.
【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923
本文编号：2402264
[Abstract]:Infringement cases have a special kind of victims-minors, they have the underage and the victim's double vulnerable status, the minor is responsible for the victimizer, the minor victim himself and the guardian when the minor is infringed. At this time, the division of tripartite liability has been more complex, let alone involving the problem of compensation for minor infringement. The civil law system of our country only has the legal stipulation that the general tort liability bears the fault offset, but the fault offset of the minor victim is still in the state of law. At present, the judicial practice in our country deals with this kind of cases under the guidance of two replies from the Supreme people's Court more than 20 years ago. The fault of the minor victim is not considered at all. Whether the fault of the minor victim or the guardian's fault is regarded as the fault of the victim, the fault offset rule is applied directly, and the damage compensation liability of the offender is reduced. The academic circles hold doubt and critical attitude to the rough way of dealing with the judicial organs in a one-size-fits-all manner. This paper analyzes the typical case of personal injury judgment of Zhang Mou A of the people's Court of Ludian County, Yunnan Province, and leads to the problem. Starting from the basic concept of fault offset, through the in-depth study of fault offset characteristics and constitutive elements, this paper summarizes and arranges the relevant theories of fault offset, and makes a good theoretical foundation for the full text. This article uses various theories to sort out the analysis, the comparative law visual field inspection analysis method, applies to the minor in the infringement compensation in the application principle and the existence "minor is infringed upon own fault", "minors infringed upon the guardian to bear the responsibility for negligence" two major dispute issues specific detailed analysis. It is considered that in the compensation for minor infringement, the minor's ability to identify is the prerequisite, and the minor victim's own fault should not be ignored. The guardian should bear the damage compensation directly when the guardian violates the duty of guardianship, which results in the result of the minor damage or when the scope and extent of the damage is enlarged. It is not appropriate to apply the fault offset. The author also puts forward some feasible suggestions on the application of legislation and judicial practice in the compensation for minor damages. The purpose of this paper is to establish a balanced sharing of victimizer and victim infringement responsibility and to strengthen the protection of minors.
【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923
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，本文编号：2402264
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