我国刑事诉讼中未成年人的权利保护

发布时间：2018-01-25 15:01

本文关键词： 刑事诉讼权利保护诉讼程序司法保护完善　出处：《吉林大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：未成年人时期是孩子时期、是娃娃时期，要从国家和民族的未来高度，重视未成年人犯罪问题，明确职责，综合防治。基于未成年人身心的不成熟性和涉案原因的特殊性，全面加强刑事诉讼中未成年人的权利保护，不仅是国际少年司法的内在要求，也是我国法律的重要内容。当今国际社会对刑事诉讼中未成年人的权利保护早已达成了广泛共识，《儿童权利公约》、《少年司法最低限度标准规则》等国际公约都体现出应当给予涉案未成年人特别的司法保护。国际社会普便认为，未成年人利益的特别保护、优先保护和利益最大化是处理未成年人刑事案件应当遵循的基本理念，就是要对任何有可能忽视或者侵害未成年人诉讼权利的行为表示“零容忍”。我国《刑事诉讼法》专章规定的“未成年人刑事诉讼程序”及《未成年人保护法》都体现了对涉罪未成年人特别保护的司法理念，是国家亲权理论对创设未成年人司法制度在保护未成年人刑事诉讼权利方面的必然逻辑，促进和保障了未成年人特殊诉讼权利的正当性、合法性。在未成年人刑事司法中，受国家亲权力的影响，涉罪未成年人其诉讼权利受到伤害的可能性将会大大增加，未成年人的权利和其他公民的权利一样，既不能被忽视，更不能被剥夺。因此，树立这种未成年人权利特别保护的观念，是充分保障未成年人权利的前提，也是未成年人刑事司法制度和审判实践的灵魂。我国未成年人刑事诉讼体系是在实践中不断发展起来的，就目前的司法实践而言，对于进入刑事诉讼中的未成年人，尚未形成系统性、完整性、可操作性的立法体系来对其权利进行有效保护。由于我国并没有建立真正的未成年人刑事诉讼体系，更多的是参照成年人的诉讼体系来开展的，对未成年人的权利保护在制度上存在着很大的缺陷，对未成年人权利保护方面的规定也都侧重在审判阶段，存在着原则性、笼统性规定，不利于对未成年人的教育保护。违法犯罪的未成年人权利保护，不只是一种司法程序的内在活动，而是一项覆盖整个社会各方面的系统工程，需要借助和整合社会力量来进行，对于涉罪未成年人而言，除了在刑事司法制度上给予充分关照外，还要加强整个社会对他们的教育、帮助和保护。本文根据现阶段未成年人保护现状，着重从审判阶段的未成年人刑事诉讼制度方面入手，分析制度方面存在的不足及司法实践中所存在的问题，以非羁押化、非监禁化为出发点，在未成年人权利保护领域体现出刑法的“谦抑思想”，促进犯罪未成年人顺利回归社会。本文分三个部分，，第一部分主要是从法律范畴内着重介绍刑事诉讼中未成年人相应的诉讼制度给予未成年人权利保护的现状；第二部分主要是从现有未成年人刑事诉讼制度方面阐述在保护诉讼权利方面存在的问题；第三部分阐述现有刑事诉讼制度下加强对未成年人权利保护方面的完善，提出自己的设想和建议，以司法保护和社会帮教相结合，更好地维护未成年人的合法权益，促进其健康成长。
[Abstract]:Juvenile period is a child, is the doll period, from the future of the country and nation, comprehensive prevention and control of juvenile delinquency problem, pay attention to clear responsibilities. The particularity of minors' physical and mental immaturity and the reasons based on the overall strengthening of the protection of minors in criminal litigation rights, not only is the inherent requirement of the international youth justice, but also an important content of China's legal protection of rights. Already in today's international community to minors in criminal litigation reached a broad consensus on the "Convention on the rights of the child", "International Convention on juvenile justice gtlt rules and so reflects the judicial protection of minors should be given the special international society generally thought. In particular, to protect the interests of minors, to maximize the priority protection and interests are the treatment of minors in criminal cases should follow the basic idea is to have any. Neglect or abuse of minors litigation rights act of "zero tolerance". Provisions of China's Criminal Procedure Law > < chapter "juvenile criminal procedure" and "protection of Minors Act > reflects the crimes involving minors special protection of judicial philosophy, is the national theory of the creation of parental rights of juvenile justice system on the protection of minors criminal litigation rights logic, promote and guarantee the legitimacy of minors special litigation rights legitimacy.
In the minors in criminal justice, influenced by the national Pro power, crimes involving minors under their litigation rights will greatly increase the possibility of damage, the rights of minors and other rights of citizens, should not be overlooked, but can not be deprived of. Therefore, this kind of set up the special protection of minors' rights concept is the premise to fully protect the rights of minors, minors and criminal judicial system and judicial practice. The soul of China's juvenile criminal litigation system is developed in the practice of judicial practice, but the words, to enter the criminal proceedings in the minors, not systematic, integrity, can the legislative system the operation of the effective protection of their rights. Because our country has not set up a real juvenile criminal litigation system, more refers to their lawsuit system to carry out the There are great defects in the protection of the rights of minors. The provisions on the protection of minors' rights are also focused on the trial stage. There are principled and general provisions, which are not conducive to the protection and education of minors.
The criminal protection of minors' rights, not only the intrinsic activity of a judicial procedure, but a cover the entire social aspects of system engineering, and needs to integrate social forces, for crimes involving minors, in addition to give full consideration in the criminal justice system, but also to strengthen the whole society to them education, help and protection. According to the present situation of the protection of minors at this stage, mainly from the aspects of minor criminal litigation system of the trial stage of analysis of the shortage of judicial practice and existing problems in the system, to the custody of the non imprisonment as a starting point, in the field of protection of the rights of minors reflect the criminal law "modesty thought", promote the underage criminals to return to society smoothly. This paper is divided into three parts, the first part is mainly from the areas of the law introduced in criminal proceedings Minors corresponding legal system gives the current situation of juvenile rights protection; the second part is mainly elaborated exist in the protection of procedural rights issues from the aspects of the current juvenile criminal litigation system; the third part of the existing criminal litigation system to strengthen the minors perfecting human right protection, put forward own ideas and proposals, the combination of in order to judicial protection and social assistance, to better safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of minors, to promote their healthy growth.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.2

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