民事案件审前分流问题研究

发布时间：2018-01-28 19:47

本文关键词： 审前分流制度繁简分流多元化纠纷解决机制　出处：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着立案登记制和法官员额制的确立和实施,两级法院尤其是基层人民法院面临着沉重的审判任务,“案多人少”冲突日益加剧。为解决这一问题,立法和司法实践都对民事案件审前程序制度及审前分流机制的构建予以极大地重视。目前,我国审前程序功能性缺失问题严重,无法有效的发挥纠纷解决和案件分流作用。严格讲,我国民事诉讼只有“审理前的准备”阶段,审前程序并未作为一项重要制度独立存在。构建民事案件审前分流制度的重要性和必要性不言而喻,只有科学的民事案件审前分流机制才能有效缓解我国“案多人少”的现实困境,合理优化司法资源配置,实现司法公正与效率的平衡,最大限度地保障当事人合法权益。本文结合我国民事诉讼制度特点及现状阐释了我国民事案件审前分流制度现状。随着立法上的不断重视,司法实践中各个法院也在不断探索尝试行之有效的解决方案。我们应建立并落实民事案件审前分流机制,在审前阶段树立诉非分流、繁简分流、程序分流的民事案件审前分流理念,坚持民事案件审前分流的基本原则,落实相应的配套制度。在明晰民事案件审前分流制度的基本理念及理论机理情况下,探索更为合理科学的机制框架设计、运行机理,并对其运行过程中出现的问题进行分析总结,提出改进做法。从应然角度分析论证如何结合现有民事诉讼制度设置分流主体、分流标准、分流流程,对此,法院、当事人、律师在机制运行中分别扮演哪些角色?应享有哪些权利负有哪些义务?从实然角度,民事案件审前分流机制的实际运行状况如何?能否实现预设目的?机制运行不畅主要存在哪些问题及原因何在,都是我们不得不思考的。另一方面,重塑程序分化构造要求对各个程序进行不同的功能定位。比如小额程序、简易程序的定位更多的是对当事人的指导指挥功能,在充分尊重当事人程序选择权的情况下,更多的是法院命令当事人及时地行使诉讼权利、履行诉讼义务,否则由当事人承担相应的程序上的不利后果。要求当事人配合法院完成诉讼会提高审判效率、节约司法资源,改变以往仅仅要求法官在更短审限内完成审判工作的一贯做法,形成良性循环。完成民事案件审前分流制度应当充分利用社会资源,利用多元化纠纷解决机制及时有效的化解纠纷;扩大非讼程序的种类和适用范围,激活现有制度,避免非讼程序虚置而无法发挥应有功能;创新多样化送达方式,善用网络送达、电子送达方式切实解决送达难问题。只有各个环节相互支持、各项制度相互配合才能切实解决问题。
[Abstract]:With the establishment and implementation of the registration system and the post system of judges, the two-level courts, especially the grass-roots people's courts, are faced with heavy judicial tasks, and the conflict of "more cases with fewer people" intensifies day by day. Both legislation and judicial practice attach great importance to the system of pretrial procedure and the construction of pretrial diversion mechanism in civil cases. At present, the lack of functionality of pretrial procedure in China is serious. Can not effectively play the role of dispute resolution and case diversion. Strictly speaking, China's civil litigation only "pre-trial preparation" stage. Pretrial procedure does not exist independently as an important system. The importance and necessity of constructing pretrial diversion system in civil cases is self-evident. Only the scientific pretrial diversion mechanism of civil cases can effectively alleviate the practical dilemma of "more cases with fewer people", rationally optimize the allocation of judicial resources, and achieve the balance between judicial justice and efficiency. According to the characteristics and present situation of civil litigation system in China, this paper explains the current situation of pretrial diversion system of civil cases in our country. With the constant attention of legislation, the author tries to protect the legitimate rights and interests of the parties concerned to the greatest extent. In the judicial practice, the courts are constantly trying to find effective solutions. We should establish and implement the pretrial diversion mechanism of civil cases, in the pretrial stage of the establishment of litigation non-diversion, simple diversion. The concept of pretrial diversion of procedural diversion in civil cases, adhere to the basic principles of pretrial diversion of civil cases, and implement the corresponding supporting system. In the case of clarifying the basic concept and theoretical mechanism of pretrial diversion system in civil cases. To explore a more reasonable and scientific mechanism framework design, operation mechanism, and analyze and summarize the problems in the process of its operation. Put forward the improvement practice. From the perspective of the ought to analyze and demonstrate how to combine with the existing civil litigation system to set up diversion subject, diversion standard, diversion process, for this, the court, the parties. What roles do lawyers play in the operation of the mechanism? What rights and obligations are there? From the point of view of reality, what is the actual operation of the pretrial diversion mechanism in civil cases? Can you achieve a preset purpose? On the other hand, remolding program differentiation construction requires different functional positioning of each program, such as small program. The orientation of summary procedure is more to the guidance and command function of the parties. In the case of fully respecting the parties' choice of procedure, the court orders the parties to exercise their litigation rights in a timely manner and fulfill their litigation obligations. Otherwise, the parties to bear the corresponding procedural adverse consequences. The parties to cooperate with the court to complete the proceedings will improve the efficiency of the trial, save judicial resources. To change the previous practice of only requiring judges to complete trial work within a shorter trial limit, forming a virtuous circle. The completion of civil cases before trial diversion system should make full use of social resources. To resolve disputes in a timely and effective manner by means of diversified dispute resolution mechanism; Expanding the category and scope of application of non-litigation proceedings, activating the existing system, avoiding the void of non-litigation proceedings and failing to play its due function; It is necessary to innovate and diversify service mode, make good use of network service, and solve the difficult problem of service by electronic service. Only when each link supports each other, can each system cooperate with each other to solve the problem.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.1

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