医疗侵权诉讼举证责任的探究

发布时间：2018-02-20 14:47

本文关键词： 医疗侵权举证责任分配制度完善　出处：《吉林财经大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来，医疗纠纷呈现不断上升的趋势，随之而来的在处理医疗纠纷中如何公平有效的设置相关法律，如何保护患者和医疗机构及其医务人员双方的合法权益成为了社会热点问题，而其中的医疗侵权诉讼的举证责任分配原则关系到诉讼责任的承担，因此法律界有一个共识，举证责任很大程度上关乎一个案件的成败。我国针对医疗侵权诉讼的举证责任分配方式经过了几次重要的修改，从1986年颁布的《中华人民共和国民法通则》中第106条第2款的规定：公民、法人由于过错侵害国家的、集体的财产，侵害他人财产、人身的，应该承担民事责任，结合《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第64条可知，医疗侵权属于一般的侵权行为，所以采取“谁主张，谁举证”原则；到2002年最高人民法院《关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定》中第4条第1款8项规定：因医疗行为引起的侵权诉讼，由医疗机构就医疗行为与损害结果之间不存在因果关系及不存在医疗过错承担举证责任，确立了医疗侵权举证责任倒置原则；再到《中华人民共和国侵权责任法》出台后的过错推定原则和有条件的举证责任倒置原则。纵观国外的医疗侵权举证责任分配可以发现，有些国家在法律上基本都倾向于减轻患者的证明责任，从而更好的保护患者的利益。其中欧洲大部分国家适用“过错责任原则”，英美法国家适用“说明责任”的分配，日本适用“过失大概推定原则”，德国适用“表见证明”规则。而我国侵权责任法将医方存在过错的证明责任基本转移给患方，这是否会加重患者的的证明责任？是否会影响原告方的损害得到赔偿？对此，结合我国医疗现状，，借鉴国外先进经验，可以从多方面来完善我国医疗侵权举证责任分配，完善司法解释，加大法官自由裁量权，建立强制保险制度引入保险机构参与举证机制，设立证据封存等相关制度，借鉴外国有利经验，完善我国医疗侵权举证责任的分配等，从而更好的保护患者利益，促进医疗事业健康稳定的向前发展。本文从1986年颁布《中华人民共和国民法通则》开始至今，对全部法律范畴内关于医疗侵权责任纠纷举证责任分配的相关法律规定进行研究，系统的分析法律条文修改的意义及缺陷，在借鉴国外关于医疗侵权责任纠纷举证责任分配原则的基础上，对法理和现实进行综合分析后，提出对我国医疗侵权责任纠纷举证责任分配的几点建议和完善。其中提出建立强制保险制度引入保险机构参与举证机制为创新。
[Abstract]:In recent years, medical disputes showed a rising trend, resulting in medical disputes related to fair and effective legal settings, how to protect the patients and medical institutions and medical personnel of the legitimate rights and interests has become a hot social problem, and one of the medical tort litigation and litigation principles relate to the allocation of the burden of proof responsibility, therefore the legal profession is a consensus, the burden of proof is largely related to a case of success or failure.
According to our country's medical tort litigation of burden of proof distribution after several important changes, provisions of article 106th paragraph second from 1986 promulgated the "People's Republic of China civil law >: citizens, legal persons because of fault against the state, collective property, infringement of property, person, should bear civil liability, combined with" People's Republic of China Civil Procedure Law > sixty-fourth of the medical tort belongs to tort, so take the "who advocates, who the burden of proof" principle; by 2002 the Supreme People's Court on evidence in civil proceedings if < > fourth in dry provisions of the first paragraph of Article 8 provisions: in the medical tort litigation, there is no causal the relationship between fault and no medical burden by medical institutions, medical behavior and the harm result, established the principle of burden of proof in medical tort; and then to "Hua Renmin The principle of presumption of fault after the promulgation of the tort liability law of the Republic and the principle of conditional inversion of the burden of proof.
The distribution of burden of proof of medical tort in foreign countries can be found in some countries in the law basic tend to reduce the burden of proof of the patients, so as to better protect the interests of patients. Most European countries apply the principle of liability for fault, common law countries for "allocation of responsibility", "the principle of presumption of fault in Japan for about" Germany, for the table to see proof rules. And the tort liability law in our country will be proof of the existence of fault to the transfer of basic medical patients, whether this will aggravate the patient burden of proof? Whether it will affect the plaintiff's damage compensation?
This, combined with the present situation of medical service in our country, draw lessons from foreign advanced experience, can improve the burden of proof of medical tort distribution in our country from many aspects, perfect the judicial interpretation, strengthen the discretion of the judge, the establishment of compulsory insurance system into insurance institutions involved in the proof mechanism, establishing evidence storage and other related systems, from the favorable foreign experience, improve the distribution of I the burden of proof of medical tort, so as to better protect the interests of patients, promote the development of medical industry healthy and stable.
This article from the general principles of civil law > < People's Republic of China promulgated in 1986 since the start of the relevant legal provisions on tort liability disputes in the allocation of the burden of proof in all areas of the law, modify the system analysis of the significance and defects of legal provisions, on the basis of the experience of foreign medical tort liability disputes about the allocation of the burden of proof on the principle, the comprehensive analysis of the legal and the reality, put forward some suggestions on China's medical tort liability disputes and improve the allocation of the burden of proof. Which proposed the establishment of compulsory insurance system into insurance institutions involved in the proof mechanism for innovation.

【学位授予单位】：吉林财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.1;D923

【参考文献】