环境民事公益诉讼特别程序规则若干问题研究

发布时间：2018-02-22 10:50

本文关键词： 环境民事公益诉讼特别程序诉讼规则　出处：《江西理工大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着环境风险高发期的来临,环境事故的直接受害对象生态利益的价值日益显现和彰显,对生态利益的保护催生了环境民事公益诉讼制度的产生和完善。随着法律法规和司法解释的不断完善,环境民事公益诉讼制度的法律依据逐步得到解决,但其诉讼过程的特殊性在司法实践中也逐渐凸显,从而不断检验着已有法律制度的适用性。为了更好的适应环境民事公益诉讼的特殊需求,我们需要探索和逐步建立环境民事公益诉讼特别程序规则。这既是应对社会变化的发展,满足社会现实的需要,也是法的“回应性”的体现。本文以环境民事公益诉讼特别程序规则中若干问题作为研究对象,分别是原告主体、法院管辖、证明责任和证明标准、判决和执行等问题进行研究。一是环境民事公益诉讼的原告主体资格。从国外立法例中我们发现,各国很少采用单一的由某一社会主体行使诉权,往往同时赋予几个社会主体的诉权,形成主辅关系,相互配合,解决生态利益受损的问题。对此,我国一方面应当对于社会组织提起环境民事公益诉讼的条件适当放宽,还应对相关社会组织提出环境民事公益诉讼给予正确的引导、鼓励和支持;另一方面要进一步明确检察机关在环境民事公益诉讼案件中的角色,使得检察机关发挥好直接起诉者、督促起诉者和支持起诉者三种角色;此外,有条件地赋予公民以及省级政府或由其指定的相关部门、机构环境民事公益诉讼主体资格。二是环境民事公益诉讼的管辖制度。首先要完善级别管辖,规定级别管辖的下移条件,一方面要案件内容较为清晰明确,审理难度不大,基层法院有相应审理能力;另一方面则要保证中级人民法院下移环境民事公益诉讼案件还必须获得当事人的同意。在地域和专属管辖方面,借鉴“长臂管辖”制度,将地域管辖和专属管辖结合起来,积极发挥专属管辖的作用和效果,但有环保法庭的地区,在专属管辖范围之外享有管辖优先权。三是关于环境民事公益诉讼的证明标准和证明责任。应借鉴大陆法系和英美法系的理论,从而在证明标准和证明责任分配上给予司法更好的指导。此外,在司法实践中要注意提升原告的证明能力,使其在实质上能够和被告之间地位对等。对此,要明确检察机关、相关部门等在证据收集上的协助义务,明确法院自行收集证据的情形,并完善鉴定人制度。同时,通过心证公开和合议判定制度合理发挥法官自由裁量权。四是环境民事公益诉讼的判决和执行。应借鉴大陆法系中的环境修复制度,具体落实为被告的环境修复义务或者环境修复费用的支付义务,在实际修复费用和法院判定修复费用不一致的情况下,还可以通过设置环境公益基金的方式来解决被告方无力支付修复费用的情况;要加强对生态环境修复效果的管理和监督,确保修复进程和最终修复效果;进一步完善相关配套措施,确保环境案件判决的严格执行,完善执行阶段法官回访制度,使得法官可以对于环境修复方案的具体实施过程定期进行回访,从而保证修复工作按期保质完成。
[Abstract]:With the environmental risk coming, direct victims of environmental accidents and the ecological benefit value appears day by day and highlight the protection of ecological interest spawned and improve the environmental public interest litigation system. With the laws and regulations and judicial interpretations of the continuous improvement, the legal basis of environmental civil public interest litigation system gradually resolved, but the special litigation procedure in judicial practice gradually, so as to test the applicability of the existing legal system. In order to adapt to the special needs of the environmental public interest litigation better, we need to explore and gradually establish environmental public interest litigation special procedure rules. This development is to deal with social change, to meet the needs of social reality the law is "reflected response". Some problems with the special procedures of environmental civil public interest litigation rules as an object of study, Are the plaintiff, the jurisdiction of the court, the burden of proof and the standard of proof of judgment and execution. One is the environmental civil litigation plaintiff main qualifications. From the foreign legislative cases we found that countries rarely used by a single social subject exercising their right to appeal, right often also give several social main body, the formation of the main and auxiliary relations, cooperate with each other to solve the ecological interests problem. In this regard, China should be a social organization to initiate civil environmental public interest litigation conditions appropriate to relax, but also to deal with the relevant social organizations to environmental civil litigation to give correct guidance, encouragement and support; to further clarify the procuratorial organs in civil environmental public interest litigation in the case of the character on the other hand, the procuratorial organs play the direct prosecution, prosecutors and prosecutors urge support three roles; in addition, conditionally Citizens and the provincial government or its designated by the relevant departments, public interest litigation subject qualification of environmental civil institutions. Two is under the jurisdiction of civil environmental public interest litigation system. We should improve the level of jurisdiction, jurisdiction provisions down conditions, on the one hand to the contents of the case is clear, the trial is not difficult, the grass-roots court hearing ability; on the other hand, to ensure that the intermediate people's court down environmental civil litigation cases must obtain the consent of the parties. In the region and the exclusive jurisdiction, referring to the "long arm jurisdiction" system, the jurisdiction and exclusive jurisdiction together, play an active role and effect of exclusive jurisdiction, but the court for environmental protection areas, in addition to exclusive the jurisdiction of the jurisdiction enjoy priority. Three is the standard of proof of civil environmental public interest litigation and the burden of proof. Should learn from the continental law system and Anglo American law system The theory of justice to give better in the standard of proof and burden of proof on the guidance. In addition, in the judicial practice should pay attention to enhance the proof ability, which can in essence and the status of the other defendants. In this regard, to clear the prosecution, the relevant departments to assist the duty in the evidence collection, clear court to collect evidence, and improve the identification system. At the same time, through publicity and collegial judgment system play the discretion of the judge. The four is the reasonable judgment and execution of environmental civil public interest litigation. Should draw lessons from the environmental restoration system in continental law system, the concrete implementation of the defendant's obligation to pay for environmental remediation obligations or environmental remediation in the actual costs, repair costs and repair costs, the court is inconsistent, can also set up environmental public fund to solve the defendant to pay the repair Complex cost; to strengthen the management and supervision of environmental remediation effect, ensure the repair process and final repair effect; further improve the relevant supporting measures to ensure strict implementation of environmental cases, improve the implementation of the system of judge visit stage, regular visits to the implementation process of the judges for environmental remediation programs, so as to ensure the repair the work to be completed with quality.

【学位授予单位】：江西理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.1;D922.68

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