民事诉讼中案件事实认定研究

发布时间：2018-03-03 19:03

本文选题：民事诉讼　切入点：案件事实　出处：《河北大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：民事诉讼中案件事实的正确认定是整个民事诉讼活动的基础和重点，也是实现民事诉讼目的的重要保证。对案件事实认定进行研究首先必须要对主要概念进行清晰的定义，明确事实的含义与案件事实的含义，我们还必须明确认定案件事实从来就不是一件轻松的工作，对所面临的难度要有清楚的认知。案件事实认定研究还离不开对认定主体的关注，它包含了职业性的法官与非职业性的英美法系的陪审团成员和大陆法系的参审员等。而在我国，对案件事实认定主体也有着不同于两大法系的规定。在了解了案件事实的含义与认定主体的基础上，认定案件事实的方法也就成为了研究的重点。以当事人提出主张事实为起点，法院对符合法的要素的事实进行保留，并且审查区分待证事实与无需证明的事实，对于待证事实再通过适用证据与推定规则等将其推进到裁判事实，也就实现了确定案件事实的目标。而基于认定主体的自身属性，认定案件事实的进阶过程总是要受到主体的非理性因素的影响，，因此我们也试图去寻找到更为有效的方法来规制这种消极影响，使其不利后果降到最低。在对案件事实认定的阶段与方法有所把握的基础上，我们还关注世界范围内各国在事实认定模式上的规定，考察两大法系事实认定模式的差异和交融，从而对我国事实认定模式进行深刻反思，并从事实认定的理念角度，事实认定主体与审判主体合一的角度以及事实认定权属的划分角度等明确了我国事实认定模式的改革方向。当然我们明白案件事实认定的绝对百分之百的正确是不可能的，也是不现实的，文章的意图也不在于追究百分之百的真相，因为追求真实并非法律的唯一目的。从更具现实意义的角度而言，笔者期望在每一案件中都能实现合理认定案件事实的目标，使因为事实误认而导致错案冤案的概率减到最小，保护更多的当事人在当下的法律中感受到公平正义,而这也是本文的研究意义之所在。
[Abstract]:The correct identification of the facts of the case is the basis and emphasis of the whole civil action, and it is also an important guarantee for the realization of the purpose of the civil action. In order to study the determination of the facts of the case, it is necessary to define the main concepts clearly. To clarify the meaning of the facts and the meaning of the facts of the case, we must also make it clear that the facts of the case have never been an easy task. We must have a clear understanding of the difficulty we face. The study of the facts of the case cannot be separated from the attention paid to the subject of the cognizance. It includes professional judges, non-professional members of Anglo-American legal system and judges of civil law system, etc. In our country, the subject of case fact determination is different from the two legal systems. On the basis of the understanding of the meaning of the facts of the case and the subject of the determination, the method of determining the facts of the case becomes the focal point of the research. With the parties putting forward the claim facts as the starting point, the court reserves the facts which conform to the elements of the law. And to examine and distinguish the facts to be proved and the facts that do not need to be proved, and to push the facts to the adjudication facts by applying the rules of evidence and presumption, it will also achieve the objective of determining the facts of the case, and on the basis of the attribute of the subject of the cognizance, The advanced process of determining the facts of a case is always influenced by the irrational factors of the subject, so we also try to find more effective ways to regulate the negative effects, so that the adverse consequences are minimized. On the basis of the assurance of the stage and method of case fact determination, we also pay attention to the provisions of various countries in the world in the pattern of fact determination, and investigate the differences and blending of the two major legal systems in the pattern of fact determination. From the point of view of the concept of the fact cognizance, the combination of the fact cognizance subject and the trial subject, and the division angle of the fact cognizance right, the reform direction of the fact cognizance mode in our country is clarified. Of course, we understand that the absolute accuracy of 100% of the facts of the case is impossible and unrealistic, and the intention of the article is not to investigate the truth of 100%. Because the pursuit of truth is not the only purpose of the law. From a more realistic point of view, the author expects to achieve the goal of reasonably identifying the facts of the case in each case, so that the probability of misdeeds resulting from the mistaking of facts can be minimized. Protection of more parties in the current law feel fair and justice, and this is the significance of this study.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D915.2

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