我国惩罚性赔偿金计算标准的立法研究

发布时间：2018-03-05 08:36

本文选题：惩罚性赔偿金　切入点：计算标准　出处：《吉林大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：惩罚性赔偿（punitivedamages），又称示范性赔偿（examplarydamages）或报复性赔偿(vindictivedamages)，是指由法庭所作出的赔偿数额超出实际的损害数额的赔偿。关于惩罚性赔偿的起源问题，学者间存在不同的看法。一般认为，英美法中的惩罚性赔偿起源于1763年英国法官LordCamden在HuckleV.money一案中的判决，美国是在1784年的GenayV.Norris一案中最早确认这一制度。惩罚性赔偿金额，是决定惩罚性赔偿是否能够发挥其应有作用的最主要因素之一。过高的惩罚性赔偿金，会对被告形成过度的惩罚，也会使原告获得不适当的利益；过低的惩罚性赔偿金，则会使惩罚性赔偿金失去应有的惩罚和遏制作用，也会使原告失去追究责任的兴趣，，影响惩罚性赔偿责任的实施。因此，如何合理确定惩罚性赔偿金的计算标准，就成为影响惩罚性赔偿责任的关键因素。在国外，英美法系通过法官在种种判例中的经典判词从而确定了一些判例法；而在国内，则由于我国国情的不同或者具体法系不同，学者们仍在对我国一些法律规定中的具体条文是否为惩罚性赔偿制度而争论不已。但无论是从国外已经较为成熟的惩罚性赔偿制度，抑或从我国层出不穷的产品责任案件来看，在我国从制度层面上明确惩罚性赔偿制度特别是产品责任领域内的惩罚性赔偿制度已经刻不容缓。庆幸的是，暂且不论之前我国法律是否规定了惩罚性赔偿制度，我国2010年出台的《侵权责任法》则明文规定了“产品责任的惩罚性赔偿。”但同时，该规定也引发了诸多学者的许多疑问及大讨论。其中较为激烈的疑问即是《侵权责任法》没有提及惩罚性赔偿的数额问题，而数额问题实质上惩罚性赔偿制度的核心问题之一，赔偿数额问题的解决与否可以说直接关系到惩罚性赔偿制度在现实运用的成败。因此，笔者拟通过对国外有关惩罚性赔偿金数额的相关判例、法律规定以及学说观点的探讨和借鉴，从而引发对我国目前法律规定以及学者学说的思考和评判，以期对我国未来“惩罚性赔偿制度”的完善和进步有所帮助。本文第一部分是对惩罚性赔偿金计算标准的概说。首先，从我国惩罚性赔偿金计算标准现行法的弊端来探讨我国惩罚性金计算模式重构的必要性；其次，对我国惩罚性赔偿金计算标准进行立法评析。第二部分是对惩罚性赔偿制度比较先进及完善的美国和我国台湾地区的一些法律规定和具有代表性的判例进行分析比较和研究。特别是对几个产品责任典型判例所体现出的某些共通原则和做法进行提取和筛选，从而总结出美国在实际判例中是如何确定产品责任惩罚性赔偿金数额的，以期归纳出这些国家及地区对于这个问题所采用的值得借鉴的做法。第三部分是将研究重点的视点转回我国确定惩罚性赔偿计算标准的立法设计，笔者拟通过对我国惩罚性赔偿金计算标准应遵循的原则与参考因素，以及模式构建和立法选择，提出笔者对于我国未来如何完善相关立法制度的立法建议。
[Abstract]:Punitive damages (punitivedamages), also known as exemplary damages or vindictive damages (examplarydamages) (vindictivedamages), refers to the amount of compensation made by the court beyond the actual damages. The origin of the problem about punitive damages, there are different views among scholars. It is generally considered that the origin of punitive damages in Anglo American Law in 1763 the British judge LordCamden HuckleV.money in the case of the decision, the United States in 1784 of the GenayV.Norris in the case of the earliest confirmation of this system. The amount of punitive damages, punitive compensation is one of the most important factors to play its due role in the compensation. The punitive damages is too high, will the formation of excessive punishment on the defendant. The plaintiff will make improper interests; low punitive damages, punitive damages will be lost due to punishment and containment function, also can make The plaintiff lost interest in accountability, affecting the implementation of punitive damages. Therefore, how to reasonably determine the standard calculation of punitive damages, has become the key factors affecting the punitive damages. In foreign countries, the Anglo American law system by the judge in the case of a variety of classic sentence words to determine some case law; but in China, due to different or specific legal system in our country, scholars are still in the specific provisions of some legal provisions in China is the system of punitive damages and endless debate. But whether it is from foreign countries have relatively mature system of punitive damages, or emerge in an endless stream from our country's product liability cases, clear in our country from the aspect of system on the punitive compensation system is a special system of punitive damages in the field of product liability has been urgent. Fortunately, regardless of our laws is before Whether the provisions of the punitive damages system, tort liability law of China introduced in 2010 "is expressly provided for punitive damages in product liability." but at the same time, this provision also raises many questions and discussion of many scholars. One of the more intense doubt is the amount of tort liability law "no mention of punitive damages one of the core issues, and the amount of the essence of the system of punitive damages, the amount of compensation to solve the problem or not can be directly related to the punitive damages system in the practical application of success or failure. Therefore, the author intends to pass a case related to the amount of punitive damages in foreign countries, and reference to explore the legal provisions and theories, thus due to the present law and scholars theory thinking and evaluation, in order to improve and progress of China's future" punitive damages "help.
The first part of this paper is to calculate the standard of punitive damages. Firstly, the necessity of malpractice existing law of our country from the calculation standard of punitive damages of our country to discuss the punitive gold computing model reconstruction; secondly, calculate the standard on China's punitive damages legislation evaluation. The second part is some legal Provisions on punitive damages the system is advanced and perfect the United States and China's Taiwan region and the representative case analysis and research. Especially some principles and practices reflect on several typical cases of product liability for extraction and screening, which summed up the United States in the actual case is how to determine the amount of punitive damages in product liability to conclude, these countries and regions are used for this problem is worth learning from practice. The third part is the focus point of transfer The legislative design reuse in China determined the punitive compensation calculation standard, the author through the calculation principle and reference standard should follow the factors of China's punitive damages, and model construction and selection of legislation, the author puts forward legislative proposals for our country in the future how to improve the relevant legislation system.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.29;D923;D925.1

【参考文献】