论自由心证证据制度

发布时间：2018-03-06 01:08

本文选题：自由心证　切入点：经验法则　出处：《山东大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自由心证制度将判断证据证明力的任务交给法官,使法官在相对自由的状态下,对证据证明力的有无、大小予以认定。世界上多数国家都已在不同程度上接受了自由心证的思想。而且,无论是大陆法系国家还是英美法系国家,其法律对法官判断证据的活动都不是毫无规制的。我国目前采用的证据制度也属于自由心证的范畴,我们强调的是实事求是原则,是具体问题具体分析,而且我国法官在运用证据认定案件事实时确实具有很大的自由度。对证据裁判方式的再界定是我国的证据制度改革所要解决的重要问题之一。无论采用何种改革方案,其根本目标都应该是为了提高证明活动的准确性和科学性。正是在这一意义上,本文选择对自由心证制度进行研究,并就自由心证制度在我国规制和完善进行了一些反思。本文主要分为五个部分。第一部分为自由心证的基本内涵。主要就自由心证的含义理解及产生与发展进程予以阐述。第二部分为自由心证的诉讼法之基础分析。理清自由心证的含义及产生与发展的脉络有利于正确、全面理解自由心证制度的理论基础,从而为全面构建自由心证制度打下良好的基础。为此,本部分从辨证唯物主义认识论、经验法则与逻辑规则以及诉讼法的模糊性认识这四个角度来论述自由心证在诉讼法领域的法理基础。第三部分主要是对两大法系自由心证证据制度进行比较研究。透过对国外自由心证证据制度的历史和规制方式之比较分析,为我国自由心证制度的规划化提供了借鉴意义。第四部分针对我国司法体制下自由心证的现实困境入手,进而分析其原因。主要从自由心证在我国的实践状况和我国构建自由心证制度存在的难题两个方面进行阐述。主要列举了自由心证在我国司法实践中存在的问题及其立法现状。在此笔者主张：我们对待自由心证制度的态度,不应该是回避和拒绝,而应在予以认可的前提下进一步规制和完善这一制度适用的相关制度和机制,构建适合我国国情的自由心证制度。第五部分为我国自由心证证据制度规范化的基本思考。立足于我国当今基本国情,主要从证据模式、司法环境、具体保障措施三个方面进行阐述,并就有关内容提出了自己的构想。主张建立自由心证制度与证据规则相结合的证据制度、主张对自由心证加以立法确认、主张完善证据规则体系以及提高法官综合素质,完善判决书理由说明制度等,为我国构建和规范自由心证证据作出贡献。
[Abstract]:The system of free evidence gives the judge the task of judging the power of proof of evidence, so that the judge can have or not the power of proof of evidence in a relatively free state. Size is determined. Most countries in the world have accepted the idea of free testimony to varying degrees. And, whether it is a civil law country or a common law country, The evidence system currently used in our country also belongs to the category of free evidence. What we emphasize is the principle of seeking truth from facts and the concrete analysis of concrete problems. Moreover, judges in our country do have great freedom in using evidence to determine the facts of a case. Redefining the way of evidence adjudication is one of the important problems to be solved in the reform of the evidence system in our country. No matter what reform scheme is adopted, Its fundamental goal should be to improve the veracity and scientificalness of proof activities. In this sense, this paper chooses to study the system of free evidence. This paper is mainly divided into five parts. The first part is the basic connotation of the free heart syndrome. It mainly deals with the understanding of the meaning of the free heart syndrome and the process of its emergence and development. The second part is the basic analysis of the procedure law of the free psychological evidence. It is beneficial to clarify the meaning of the free psychological evidence and the context of its emergence and development. Fully understand the theoretical basis of the free psychological syndrome system, thus lay a good foundation for the overall construction of the free psychological syndrome system. Therefore, this part from dialectical materialism epistemology, This paper discusses the legal basis of free psychological evidence in the field of procedural law from the four angles of the rules of experience, logic rules and the vagueness of procedural law. The third part is a comparative study of the evidence system of free psychological evidence in the two major legal systems. Through the comparative analysis of the history and regulation of the evidence system of free evidence in foreign countries, It provides a reference for the planning of the free evidence system in China. Part 4th is aimed at the realistic predicament of the free psychological evidence system in our country. Then it analyzes the reasons. Mainly from the practice of free psychological evidence in our country and the establishment of the system of free psychological evidence in two aspects of the difficult problems, mainly listed the problems in our country's judicial practice. The author argues: our attitude towards the free evidence system, It should not be avoidance and rejection, but should further regulate and perfect the relevant system and mechanism of this system under the premise of recognition. The 5th part is the basic thinking of the standardization of the evidence system of free evidence in our country. Based on the basic situation of our country today, it is mainly based on the evidence model and judicial environment. The concrete safeguard measures are expounded in three aspects, and the author puts forward his own conception on the relevant contents. He advocates the establishment of the evidence system which combines the free evidence system with the evidence rules, and advocates the legislative confirmation of the free psychological evidence. It is advocated to perfect the system of evidence rules, to improve the comprehensive quality of judges and to perfect the system of explanation of judgment reasons, which will contribute to the construction and standardization of evidence of free mind in our country.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D925.1;D926

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