环保NGO的环境公益诉讼原告资格研究

发布时间：2018-03-09 07:00

本文选题：环保NGO　切入点：原告资格　出处：《广东财经大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目前为止，我国民事诉讼法或其他的法律和司法解释都没有明确环保NGO的环境公益诉讼原告资格。新修订通过的民事诉讼法新增了公益诉讼，但对适格主体仅表述为法律规定的“有关组织”。在实践中，关于环保NGO能否作为环境公益诉讼原告资格也不存在一个统一的做法。事实上，近年来民间环保组织数量呈上升趋势，随着公民法治意识的提高，已经有越来越多的环保NGO参与到环境公益诉讼中，甚至有一些取得了胜诉。在理论界，，对环保NGO的主体资格形成了赞成与反对的两派，赞成派以诉讼信托理论、环境权理论、公众参与原则论证环保NGO适格主体的正当性，而反对派则认为公民个人或者国家机关才是适格主体。在国外公益诉讼制度中，大多数国家认可社会团体的正当原告资格。英美法系的美国和印度用判例法赋予了环保NGO主体资格，而大陆法系的德国和日本则通过立法的形式确立环保NGO主体资格。这些国外成功的实践经验为我国赋予环保NGO主体资格提供了有利的借鉴价值。实际上，在我国赋予环保NGO主体资格具有必要性和可行性。我国的环保NGO近几年来发展得比较好，而且环保NGO具有诸多公民个人和其他机关无法比拟的优点，如公益性、专业性和非营利性等。注重保护环保组织的权利，并赋予其提起环境公益诉讼的权利，是实现每个公民个体权利的重要手段，也是个人价值与社会价值的统一和结合。除引言和结语外，本文一共分为三个部分。第一部分概括了我国环保NGO环保公益诉讼原告资格的现状，内容主要包括相关立法规定、我国环保NGO提起环境公益诉讼的司法实践、我国关于环保NGO环保公益诉讼原告资格问题的理论争议。立法规定主要指的是民事诉讼法、其他法律和司法解释的规定；我国环保NGO提起环境公益诉讼的司法实践，这里主要是通过列举案例的形式。第二部分重点阐述了环保NGO的环境公益诉讼原告资格问题的比较法分析。探讨了英美法系和大陆法系国家在环保NGO民事公益诉讼原告资格这一问题的相关规定和实践，比较两大法系的异同点，并总结其对我国的借鉴意义。第三部分论证了环保NGO环境公益诉讼原告资格的理论依据，具体包括诉讼信托理论、环境权理论、公众参与原则，最后进行了环保NGO提起环境公益诉讼的必要性和可行性分析。
[Abstract]:So far, neither the civil procedure law nor other legal and judicial interpretations of our country have specified the plaintiff's qualification for environmental NGO environmental public interest litigation. The newly amended civil procedure law has added public interest litigation. In practice, however, there is no uniform practice as to whether the environmental protection NGO can be regarded as the plaintiff's qualification in environmental public interest litigation. In recent years, the number of private environmental protection organizations has been on the rise. With the improvement of citizens' awareness of the rule of law, more and more environmental protection NGO have been involved in environmental public interest litigation, and some have even won the case. There are two schools for and against the subject qualification of environmental protection NGO, which are the litigation trust theory, the environmental right theory and the principle of public participation to prove the legitimacy of the environmental protection NGO suitably subject. The opposition, on the other hand, believes that the individual citizen or the state organ is the appropriate subject. In the foreign public interest litigation system, Most countries recognize the legitimate plaintiff status of social groups. The United States and India, in the Anglo-American legal system, have given environmental NGO subject qualifications in case law. On the other hand, Germany and Japan in the continental law system establish the subject qualification of environmental protection NGO by way of legislation. These successful foreign practical experiences have provided beneficial reference value for our country to endow environmental protection NGO subject qualification. In fact, It is necessary and feasible to give environmental protection NGO subject qualification in our country. The environmental protection NGO in our country has developed quite well in recent years, and environmental protection NGO has many advantages, such as public welfare, which can not be compared with individual citizens and other organizations. Focusing on protecting the rights of environmental protection organizations and giving them the right to file environmental public interest litigation is an important means to realize the individual rights of every citizen and the unity and combination of individual value and social value. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper is divided into three parts. The first part summarizes the status quo of the plaintiff's qualification of environmental protection NGO environmental public interest litigation in China, including the relevant legislative provisions, the judicial practice of environmental protection NGO environmental public interest litigation in our country. Our country about environmental protection NGO environmental protection public interest lawsuit plaintiff qualification question theory dispute. The legislation stipulation mainly refers to the civil procedure law, the other laws and the judicial interpretation stipulation; our country environmental protection NGO brings the environmental public interest lawsuit judicial practice, Here is mainly by enumerating the form of cases. The second part focuses on the comparative analysis of the plaintiff's qualification in environmental public interest litigation of environmental protection NGO, and probes into the relevant regulations and practice of the plaintiff's qualification in environmental protection NGO civil public interest litigation in the countries of Anglo-American law system and civil law system. Compare the similarities and differences between the two legal systems, and sum up their reference significance to our country. The third part demonstrates the theoretical basis of environmental NGO environmental public interest litigation plaintiff qualification, including the litigation trust theory, environmental rights theory, the principle of public participation. Finally, the necessity and feasibility of environmental protection NGO environmental public interest litigation are analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：广东财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.1;D922.6

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