刑事错案责任终身追究制度研究

发布时间：2018-03-09 09:56

本文选题：刑事错案　切入点：责任主体　出处：《吉林财经大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：刑事错案的每一次出现都深深地刺痛着司法人员和民众的神经,可以说,每一个刑事错案都是一个人间悲剧。古今中外的执法者和学者都注意到了刑事错案这一严峻问题,建立了无罪推定、米兰达规则等预防刑事错案发生的制度,和错案责任追究制度、法官不当行为惩戒制度等惩罚性机制,以追究司法人员相应的责任。我国自20世纪90年代开始建立了错案责任追究制度,该制度运行以来取得的成效有限,却引起了学术界、实务界的激烈争论。本文从法文化传统、增强司法人员责任意识、防止司法腐败发生等几个角度出发,认为刑事错案责任终身追究制度在我国应继续存在下去。同时本文介绍了现行法律制度下刑事错案责任追究制度的构成,并结合司法实际分析了我国刑事错案责任追究制度在运行过程中存在的问题。提出了在我国贯彻和改善刑事错案责任终身追究制度应秉持的四项原则:公平原则、主客观相一致原则、责任与处罚相适应原则和公开原则。本文对现行的刑事错案责任追究制度进行分析并提出了一些完善建议。针对法律规定多、杂、不统一的问题,笔者提出应提高法律位阶,建立统一规定追究公、检、法三机关工作人员错案责任的法律。比较研究英国、美国、日本等国家法官惩戒机构之设立后,笔者分析了建立司法性责任追究机制的优势,建议在我国由人民法院建立司法人员责任追究法庭。同时本文建议从增加程序提起方式、实现对抗性诉讼和完善救济机制的角度来完善我国的刑事错案责任终身追究制度。
[Abstract]:Every appearance of a criminal misdemeanor is deeply tingling the nerves of judicial personnel and the public. It can be said that every misdemeanor is a human tragedy. Law enforcers and scholars at all times and all over the world have paid attention to the serious problem of criminal misdemeanour. We have established the presumption of innocence, Miranda rules and other systems to prevent the occurrence of criminal error cases, and the system of accountability for wrongful cases, the disciplinary system of misconduct of judges, and other punitive mechanisms. In order to investigate the corresponding responsibility of judicial personnel, since 1990s, our country has established the system of investigating the responsibility of wrong cases. Since its operation, the system has achieved limited results, but it has aroused fierce debate in academic and practical circles. This article is based on the tradition of law and culture. Strengthening the sense of responsibility of judicial personnel and preventing judicial corruption from several angles, It is believed that the lifelong investigation system of criminal misdemeanor liability should continue to exist in our country. At the same time, this paper introduces the constitution of the criminal misdemeanor liability investigation system under the current legal system. Combining with the judicial practice, this paper analyzes the problems existing in the operation of the accountability system of criminal misdemeanor in our country, and puts forward four principles that should be adhered to in carrying out and improving the lifelong investigation system of criminal misdemeanor liability in our country: the principle of fairness. The principle of consistency between subject and objective, the principle of adaptation between liability and punishment, and the principle of openness. This paper analyzes the current system of investigating responsibility for criminal error and puts forward some suggestions to perfect it. The author puts forward that we should raise the legal rank and establish a unified law that provides for the accountability of personnel in public, procuratorial, and legal organs for wrongful cases. A comparative study has been made on the establishment of judicial and disciplinary institutions in Britain, the United States, Japan, and other countries. The author analyzes the advantages of establishing the judicial liability investigation mechanism, and suggests that the people's court should establish the judicial personnel responsibility investigation court in our country. From the angle of adversarial litigation and perfect relief mechanism, we can perfect the system of lifelong investigation of criminal misdemeanor liability in our country.
【学位授予单位】：吉林财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D925.2

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