行政诉讼举证责任分配的逻辑及其制度构建

发布时间：2018-03-09 15:08

本文选题：行政诉讼　切入点：证据规则　出处：《政治与法律》2017年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：我国行政诉讼举证责任制度具有内在结构矛盾,应当建立以原告诉讼请求为起点,以主观权利救济与客观法秩序维护为路径,以诉讼类型为分析框架的举证责任分配体系。在主观公权利救济路径下,应当遵循"谁主张,谁举证"的原则;在客观法秩序维护路径下,应遵循被告承担举证责任的原则。撤销之诉中,针对单方行政行为的案件,由被告对行政行为的合法性承担举证责任;在双方行政行为案件中,除被告基于公共利益的需要而变更行政行为的内容,需要由被告承担举证责任外,应遵循"谁主张,谁举证"原则。给付之诉中,相对人起诉的是行政不作为,应在客观法秩序维护路径下由被告承担举证责任。确认之诉中,诉讼标的是确认行政行为无效的,由原告承担举证责任;诉讼标的是确认行政行为违法的,针对行政法律行为实行"被告承担举证责任"的规则,针对行政事实行为实行"谁主张,谁举证"的规则。赔偿之诉中,应当由主张获得赔偿的原告承担举证责任。
[Abstract]:The system of burden of proof in administrative litigation of our country has the inherent structure contradiction, should take the plaintiff's lawsuit request as the starting point, take the subjective right relief and the objective law order maintenance as the path. The distribution system of burden of proof, which takes the type of litigation as the analysis frame, should follow the principle of "who claims, who proves" under the relief path of subjective public rights, and under the path of maintaining the order of objective law, The defendant shall bear the burden of proof on the legality of the administrative act in the case of unilateral administrative act in the case of revocation; in the case of administrative act of both parties, the defendant shall bear the burden of proof on the legality of the administrative act; in the case of administrative act of both parties, Except that the defendant changes the content of the administrative act on the basis of the public interest, the defendant should bear the burden of proof, and should follow the principle of "who claims, who proves the evidence". The defendant shall bear the burden of proof under the path of maintaining the objective legal order. In the case of confirmation, the object of the action is the invalid of the administrative act, and the plaintiff shall bear the burden of proof; if the object of the lawsuit is to confirm the violation of the administrative act, The rule of "the defendant bears the burden of proof" is applied to the administrative legal act, and the rule of "who claims, who proves the proof" is applied to the administrative fact. In the lawsuit of compensation, the plaintiff who claims to be compensated should bear the burden of proof.
【作者单位】：华东理工大学法学院;
【分类号】：D925.3

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