论任意的当事人变更

发布时间：2018-03-19 05:32

本文选题：任意当事人变更　切入点：非正当当事人更换　出处：《西南政法大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在民事诉讼中发现当事人不适格，将导致诉讼继续进行无实际效用，不能达到解决民事纠纷的目的。而面对当事人不适格情形主要采取的驳回诉讼方式，会造成诉讼资源的浪费，也不符合诉讼的经济性要求。因此，任意当事人变更不但具有重要的理论价值，更具有重大的实践意义。尽管在任意当事人变更理论的具体内容方面，学界的讨论仍然未能得到统一的观点，但是其合法性和必要性已基本得到学术界和实务界的认同。我国曾于1982年《民事诉讼法（试行）》对非正当当事人更换作了规定，但是1991年正式颁行的《民事诉讼法》取消了上述相关规定，，之后再未颁布相关法律规范。现行立法上的空白致使法院在实践中遇到当事人不适格问题的处理方法混乱。因此，有必要对任意当事人变更的相关理论进行深入探讨，以期构建适合我国的任意当事人变更制度。本文除了引言与结语之外，共分为五个部分：第一部分，任意当事人变更的概述。本部分从基础概念出发，结合当事人适格理论，认识到诉讼中存在的当事人不适格情形为任意当事人变更的产生提供了条件。明确任意当事人变更的含义，并梳理其与法定当事人变更、当事人更正等相关易混淆概念的关系，为之后的探讨和研究奠定基础。第二部分，任意当事人变更制度的合理性分析。本部分从诉讼经济要求、诉讼实务需求等方面,阐述任意当事人变更制度存在的必要性与制度设计中必须重视的利益衡量问题。通过梳理我国非正当当事人更换的立法沿革，分析我国非正当当事人更换制度的利弊以及司法实践上的混乱现状，探讨构建我国任意当事人变更制度的合理性。第三部分，任意当事人变更的性质考察。本部分以任意当事人变更的性质为视角，介绍当今国外主要存在的三种学说——诉之变更说、复合行为说和特殊行为说，并对三者的具体内容进行比较分析，为建立我国的任意当事人变更制度提供参考和借鉴。第四部分，任意当事人变更的实施。本部分集中对任意当事人变更实施问题中最重要的要件与法律效果进行分析，明确在实施任意当事人变更时，首要考虑因素为当事人的意志。进而细致探讨在任意当事人变更发生后，对退出诉讼的旧当事人与加入诉讼的新当事人将分别产生怎样的法律效果。第五部分，我国任意当事人变更制度的构建。本部分详细分析论证我国任意当事人变更的理论选择与具体制度设计问题，就任意当事人变更具体设计上的要件、步骤、审查与效果等方面提出相应的立法建议。
[Abstract]:Finding that the litigant is unfit in the civil action will lead to the continuation of the lawsuit without practical utility, and the purpose of resolving the civil dispute can not be achieved. However, in the face of the uncomfortable situation of the party, the main way to reject the lawsuit is to reject it. It will lead to the waste of litigation resources and will not meet the economic requirements of litigation. Therefore, the change of arbitrary parties is not only of great theoretical value, but also of great practical significance, although in the specific content of the theory, the change of any party is not only of great theoretical value, but also of great practical significance. However, its legitimacy and necessity have been recognized by academic and practical circles. In 1982, the Civil procedure Law (trial) in China provided for the replacement of illegitimate parties, but the Civil procedure Law, which was formally promulgated in 1991, abolished the above relevant provisions. After that, the relevant legal norms have not been promulgated. The blank in the current legislation causes the court to deal with the uncomfortable problem of the litigants in practice. Therefore, it is necessary to deeply explore the relevant theory of the change of the arbitrary party. In order to build suitable for our country, any party changes the system. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper is divided into five parts:. The first part is an overview of the change of arbitrary parties. This part is based on the basic concept, combined with the theory of party fitness, Recognizing that the uncomfortable situation of the parties in the proceedings provides the conditions for the creation of any change of the party, clarifies the meaning of the change of the arbitrary party, and combs its relationship with the confused concepts related to the change of the legal party, the correction of the party, etc., To lay the foundation for the later discussion and research. The second part, the rationality analysis of any party to change the system. This part from the litigation economic requirements, litigation practice needs, etc. This paper expounds the necessity of the change of the system of arbitrary parties and the problems of weighing the interests which must be paid attention to in the design of the system. By combing the legislative evolution of the replacement of the improper parties in our country, This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the replacement system of improper parties and the confusion in judicial practice, and probes into the reasonableness of constructing the system of changing arbitrary parties in our country. The third part, the nature of the change of any party. This part introduces the three main theories of change, the theory of compound act and the theory of special act, from the point of view of the nature of the change of any party. The concrete contents of the three are compared and analyzed in order to provide reference and reference for the establishment of the system of change of any party in our country. Part 4th, the implementation of any party's change. This part focuses on the analysis of the most important elements and legal effects in the implementation of any party's change, so as to make it clear that when implementing any party's change, The first consideration factor is the will of the parties, and then the author discusses in detail what the legal effect will be for the old parties who withdraw from the lawsuit and the new parties who join the lawsuit after the change of any party. Part 5th, the construction of the system of alteration of any party in our country. This part analyzes and demonstrates the theoretical choice and the specific system design of the change of any party in our country in detail, and discusses the elements and steps of changing the specific design of any party. Review and effect and other aspects of the corresponding legislative recommendations.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.12

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