我国死刑案件有效辩护制度构建研究

发布时间：2018-03-20 02:15

本文选题：死刑案件　切入点：有效辩护　出处：《四川师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,我国刑事诉讼领域冤案频发,从杜培武案到佘祥林案,从赵作海案到张高平叔侄案,从呼格吉勒图案再到念斌案。事实证明,他们本是无辜之人,却要背负无妄之灾,纷纷被判重刑或处以死刑。这不得不令人扼腕叹息。刑事诉讼的目的本是惩罚犯罪而不是惩罚无辜者,生活在这样的刑事司法环境中,令人颇感不安。为了确保有罪之人受到公正处罚,保障无罪之人不受刑事追究,切实防止死刑冤假错案,那么建立死刑案件有效辩护制度具有重要意义。有效辩护制度起源于美国,后经国际条约为各国学界所熟知,我国学界从上个世纪90年代开始研究有效辩护理论。一般来讲,有效辩护包含以下内涵:辩护人适格、辩护人与被追诉人实现有效沟通、充分地庭前准备、提出高质量的辩护意见等。本文通过文本研究法、比较研究法、文献研究法,对美国死刑案件有效辩护制度作了全面深入考察,并探究了其对我国的借鉴意义。随后,笔者对我国死刑案件有效辩护进行了考察,发现我国还没有正式形成死刑案件有效辩护制度,并提出构建我国死刑案件有效辩护制度的设想。第一部分为引言。该部分阐述了笔者对该课题研究的缘起、有效辩护制度研究综述以及本文的研究方法。第二部分对死刑案件有效辩护制度进行了概述。这包括死刑案件有效辩护的含义、死刑案件有效辩护制度的理念基础以及死刑案件有效辩护制度的基本内容构成等。第三部分是讲美国死刑案件有效辩护制度及对我国启示。本部分中,笔者首先梳理了美国死刑案件有效辩护内涵的历史演进;随后对美国律师协会出台的《死刑案件中辩护律师的指定与辩护表现指引》进行了全面考察,并分析了该文件对我国有何启示和借鉴作用;最后探讨了美国死刑案件无效辩护之诉如何具体适用《死刑案件中辩护律师的指定与辩护表现指引》,并由此带给我们的经验借鉴。第四部分是本文最后一部分,也是最重要的一部分,即死刑案件有效辩护制度的构建。笔者首先就我国死刑案件有效辩护进行了全面考察。考察中,笔者发现我国没有类似于美国的死刑案件有效辩护制度,但是有一些省的律师协会对死刑案件有效辩护进行了初步探索。例如,河南省律师协会发布《死刑案件辩护指引(试行)》,山东省律师协会发布《死刑案件辩护指导意见(试行)》,贵州省律师协会发布《关于死刑案件辩护的规范指导意见(试行)》,这些都是对提升死刑案件辩护质量的有益尝试。随后,笔者分析了我国死刑案件有效辩护存在问题及原因。再此基础上,笔者就如何构建我国死刑案件有效辩护制度提出设想,它包括确立全国统一的死刑案件有效辩护标准、提升死刑案件有效辩护标准约束力、实施死刑案件辩护律师资格准入制度、确立死刑无效辩护之诉、构建以审判为中心的刑事诉讼制度、强化政府出资保障死刑案件有效辩护职责。
[Abstract]:In recent years, there have been frequent cases of injustice in the field of criminal proceedings in China, ranging from du Peiwu to she Xianglin, from Zhao Zuohai to Zhang Gao Ping's nephew, from Huugjilt to Nianbin. Facts have proved that they are innocent people, but they have to bear no mischief. People have been sentenced to heavy sentences or sentenced to death. It is a pity. Criminal proceedings are meant to punish crimes, not innocent people, and they live in such a criminal justice environment. In order to ensure that guilty persons are fairly punished, to ensure that innocent persons are not subject to criminal prosecution and to effectively prevent the death penalty from being unjustly and wrongfully committed, Then it is of great significance to establish an effective defense system for death penalty cases. The effective defense system originated in the United States, and has been well known in the world by international treaties. In -10s, Chinese scholars began to study the theory of effective defense. Generally speaking, Effective defense includes the following connotations: suitable for the defender, effective communication between the defender and the accused, adequate preparation before the trial, high quality defense opinion, etc. In this paper, the text research method, the comparative research method, the literature research method, etc. This paper makes a comprehensive and in-depth investigation on the effective defense system of death penalty cases in the United States, and probes into its reference significance to our country. Then, the author investigates the effective defense of death penalty cases in our country. It is found that the effective defense system of death penalty cases has not been formally formed in our country, and the assumption of constructing an effective defense system of death penalty cases in our country has been put forward. The first part is the introduction. This part expounds the origin of the author's research on this subject. The second part gives an overview of the effective defense system in death penalty cases, which includes the meaning of effective defense in death penalty cases. The third part is about the effective defense system of death penalty cases in the United States and its enlightenment to our country. The author firstly combs the historical evolution of the connotation of effective defense in death penalty cases in the United States, and then makes a comprehensive investigation of the guidelines on the assignment and performance of Defence Counsel in death penalty cases issued by the American Bar Association. It also analyzes the enlightenment and reference function of this document to our country. Finally, it discusses how to apply the guidelines on the assignment and Defense performance of Defense Counsel in death penalty cases in the United States, and the experience of 4th is the last part of this paper. It is also the most important part, that is, the construction of the effective defense system of death penalty cases. Firstly, the author makes a comprehensive investigation on the effective defense of death penalty cases in our country. In the investigation, the author finds that there is no effective defense system of death penalty cases similar to that of the United States. However, there are some provincial bar associations that have made preliminary efforts to effectively defend death penalty cases. For example, Henan Bar Association issued guidelines on the Defence of death penalty cases (trial), Shandong Bar Association issued guidelines on the Defence of death penalty cases (trial), Guizhou Provincial Bar Association issued guidelines on the Defence of death penalty cases. See (trial) >, these are useful attempts to improve the quality of the defense in death penalty cases. The author analyzes the existing problems and causes of effective defense of death penalty cases in China. On this basis, the author puts forward some ideas on how to construct an effective defense system of death penalty cases in China, which includes establishing a unified national standard for effective defense of death penalty cases. To enhance the binding force of effective defense standard in death penalty cases, to implement the admission system of defense counsel qualification in death penalty cases, to establish the action of invalid defense of death penalty, and to construct a criminal procedure system centered on trial. Strengthen government funds to ensure the effective defense of death penalty cases.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.2

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