警察行政即时强制措施及其司法审查研究

发布时间：2018-03-23 11:45

本文选题：警察行政　切入点：即时强制措施　出处：《广西民族大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：警察行政即时强制措施是行政强制研究领域一个重要组成部分。由于其权力设置上的行政性、紧急性和侵犯性，一旦行使不当，容易对公民基本人权造成重大威胁。然而，令人遗憾的是，中华人民共和国行政强制法（以下简称《行政强制法》）中并没有对于行政即时强制进行规定。时至今日，在我国对于即时强制措施仍然缺乏统一的立法。有关警察行政即时强制的法律依据，仅能散见于《人民警察法》等单行的法律法规中，因此导致我国的行政即时强制措施的执行约束体系不够系统，有待细化。此外，目前关于公安警察部门法中警察行政即时强制措施的研究并不够深入，在实践中仍然存在很多问题。诸如因警察行政即时强制措施行使不当致使公民的自由、权利、财产被侵害的事件，频频发生。因此，在建立以保障人的基本权利和自由为目标的法治国家过程中，我们必须对警察行政即时强制措施在行政法学研究中予以重视，以期能为实现严格规制警察行政即时强制措施的行使，防止其滥用，从而更好地保障公共安全和社会秩序，保障行政相对人的合法权益的目标提供理论支持。本文共分引言、正文和结语三个部分，正文包括以下四部分：第一部分着重于阐述有关警察行政即时强制措施的基础理论。本文从界定警察行政、即时强制、警察行政即时强制措施的等概念入手，分析了我国警察行政即时强制措施的特征、种类及法律依据。该部分构成了本文探讨警察行政即时强制措施及其适用与完善的基础和逻辑起点。第二部分对域外和我国台湾地区警察行政即时强制措施的制度进行了对比考察。通过对德国、日本、韩国和我国台湾地区即时强制措施的制度分析，本文总结了法治相对先行国家和地区警察行政即时强制措施的成功经验，包括警察行政即时强制措施细致入微，强制措施的种类齐全和高度注重人权的保障措施。第三部分用于分析我国警察行政即时强制措施中现存的问题,譬如立法不完善、执法主体良莠不齐、违法责任追究机制不健全等等。第四部分则着笔于探讨警察行政即时强制的司法审查中应该注意的问题。在此部分，本文主要围绕着如何进行合理性审查、举证上的特殊要求、复议前置、起诉期限、行政复议、行政诉讼、特别损失补偿等方面来展开论述。简而言之，为确保警察行政即时强制措施在其行使中实现有法可依、有法必依、执法必严、违法必究，我国需要不断改进强化现有的司法审查体系，，从而更好的保障行政相对人的合法权益，并推动我国法制建设的进程。
[Abstract]:The police administrative immediate coercive measures are an important part of the research field of administrative compulsion. Due to the administrative, urgent and intrusive nature of its power establishment, it is easy to pose a serious threat to the basic human rights of citizens once it is improperly exercised. It is regrettable that the Administrative compulsory Law of the people's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the Administrative compulsory Law) does not provide for immediate administrative coercion. In China, there is still a lack of uniform legislation on immediate coercive measures. The legal basis for the immediate enforcement of police administration can only be found in separate laws and regulations such as the people's Police Law. As a result, the enforcement constraint system of administrative immediate coercive measures in our country is not systematic enough and needs to be refined. In addition, the current research on the police administrative immediate coercive measures in the Public Security Police Department Law is not deep enough. There are still many problems in practice, such as the frequent violation of citizens' freedom, rights and property as a result of improper enforcement of the police's immediate administrative coercive measures. In the process of establishing a country under the rule of law with the goal of safeguarding the fundamental rights and freedoms of human beings, we must attach importance to the immediate coercive measures of police administration in the study of administrative jurisprudence. In order to achieve strict regulation of the exercise of police administrative immediate coercive measures, prevent their abuse, and thus better protect public security and social order, to protect the legitimate rights and interests of administrative counterpart to provide theoretical support. This paper is divided into three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The text includes the following four parts:. The first part focuses on the basic theory of police administrative immediate coercive measures. This paper begins with the definition of police administration, immediate enforcement, police administrative immediate coercive measures, and so on. This paper analyzes the characteristics, types and legal basis of the immediate coercive measures of police administration in China. This part constitutes the basis and logical starting point for the discussion of the immediate coercive measures of the police administration and their application and perfection. In the second part, the author makes a comparative study on the system of immediate coercive measures of police administration in Taiwan and abroad. Through the analysis of the system of immediate coercive measures in Germany, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan, This paper summarizes the successful experience of the immediate enforcement measures of police administration in countries and regions where the rule of law is relatively advanced, including the meticulous enforcement measures of the police administration, the complete range of coercive measures and the protection measures that attach great importance to human rights. The third part is used to analyze the existing problems in the police administrative immediate coercive measures, such as imperfect legislation, mixed law enforcement subjects, imperfect accountability mechanism and so on. The fourth part focuses on the problems that should be paid attention to in the judicial review of the police administrative prompt compulsion. In this part, this article mainly focuses on how to carry out the rationality review, the special requirements on the proof, the review before, the time limit for the prosecution. Administrative reconsideration, administrative litigation, special loss compensation and so on. In short, in order to ensure that the police administrative immediate enforcement measures have laws to abide by, must abide by the law, enforce the law strictly, and prosecute violations of the law, our country needs to constantly improve and strengthen the existing judicial review system. In order to better protect the legitimate rights and interests of the administrative counterpart, and promote the process of legal construction in China.
【学位授予单位】：广西民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.14;D925.3

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