错案责任追究及其障碍性因素

发布时间：2018-04-10 15:46

本文选题：错案 + 责任追究　；参考：《国家检察官学院学报》2017年01期

【摘要】：我国当代司法制度中的办案责任制,为司法机关自己量身打造,对追究司法人员的错案责任提供了依据。办案人员违法行为导致错案,尽管有错案追究制乃至终身追究制的喧天宣示,实际上被追究的并不多。司法实践中存在两种截然相反的倾向,需要加以矫正:一是责任追究泛化,只要案件错了,不问司法人员有无过错,一概加以追责,使得属于认识上的错误也被追责,强化了司法人员的畏葸心理;二是另一种意义上的"责任泛化",即司法集体操作模式造成难以追究个人责任。对于前一种司法责任泛化,须将办案责任限定为两个方面:一是故意为之,二是显有疏失,仅属于认识、判断上的错误而不存在其他过错的,不追究司法人员的责任。对于后一种意义的司法责任泛化,要扭转之,需要将司法权下放给承办案件的司法人员。此外,部门利益和本位思考也是责任制难以落实的原因。本文探讨错案责任落实中存在的障碍性因素,包括全民为错案买单,国家赔偿法关于向责任人追偿的制度并未得到落实的现象。
[Abstract]:The responsibility system of handling cases in the contemporary judicial system of our country provides the basis for the judicial organs to tailor themselves and to investigate the responsibility of judicial personnel for wrong cases.The illegal behavior of the case handler leads to the wrong case, although there is a false case investigation system and even the public declaration of lifelong investigation system, in fact, not many people are prosecuted.There are two opposite tendencies in judicial practice, which need to be corrected. One is the generalization of responsibility investigation. As long as the case is wrong, the judicial personnel should be held accountable without asking whether they are at fault, so that the mistakes that belong to cognition are also pursued.The second is the generalization of responsibility in another sense, that is, the judicial collective operation mode makes it difficult to investigate individual responsibility.As to the generalization of the former kind of judicial responsibility, the responsibility of handling a case must be limited to two aspects: one is to deliberately do it, the other is to show negligence, only belong to cognition, judgment but no other fault, do not investigate the responsibility of judicial personnel.In order to reverse the generalization of judicial responsibility in the latter sense, it is necessary to delegate the judicial power to the judicial personnel who undertake the case.In addition, sectoral interests and standard thinking is also the reason why the responsibility system is difficult to implement.This paper discusses the obstacle factors in the implementation of the responsibility of wrong cases, including the phenomenon that the whole people pays the bill for the wrong cases, and the system of recovering compensation from the responsible persons has not been implemented in the State compensation Law.
【作者单位】：清华大学法学院;
【分类号】：D926

【相似文献】