冤案为何难以获得救济

发布时间：2018-04-14 03:16

本文选题：冤案 + 救济　；参考：《政法论坛》2017年01期

【摘要】：在我国刑事诉讼中,无辜者一旦被公、检、法机关错误认定为有罪,往往很难获得有效救济。造成这一问题的直接原因有两点:一是审判监督程序的启动极其困难,二是法院审判很难纠正侦查、起诉阶段的错误。造成这一问题的深层原因有六点:一是公检法三机关诉讼地位不合理,侦查、起诉、审判三阶段的纵向结构严重扭曲;二是地方党政部门介入具体案件的处理,削弱甚至取消了刑事诉讼的内在制约机制;三是对申诉再审的审判与审查机关规定不合理,导致当事人申诉很难启动再审程序;四是《国家赔偿法》对赔偿义务机关的规定不合理,导致办案机关为逃避赔偿义务而拒绝纠正错案;五是公安司法机关绩效考核指标设置不合理,导致侦查、起诉、审判三机关都片面追求证明有罪。要解决冤案难以获得救济的问题,必须对我国刑事司法的相关体制与程序进行系统重构。
[Abstract]:In criminal proceedings in our country, once the innocent are wrongly found guilty by the public, prosecution and legal organs, it is often difficult to obtain effective remedies.There are two direct reasons for this problem: one is that the procedure of trial supervision is extremely difficult to start, the other is that the court trial is very difficult to correct the errors in the stage of investigation and prosecution.There are six deep reasons for this problem: first, the three organs of the Public Security Bureau, the Procuratorate, and the Court have unreasonable litigation status; the vertical structure of the three stages of investigation, prosecution and trial is seriously distorted; and second, the local party and government departments intervene in the handling of specific cases.It weakens and even cancels the inherent restriction mechanism of the criminal procedure; third, it is unreasonable to stipulate the trial and examination organ of the appeal retrial, which makes it difficult for the parties to initiate the retrial procedure;Fourth, the provisions of the State compensation Law on the organs of compensation obligations are unreasonable, resulting in the organs handling cases refusing to correct wrong cases in order to evade the obligation of compensation; fifthly, the setting of performance evaluation indicators for public security and judicial organs is unreasonable, leading to investigation and prosecution.The three organs of the trial were all one-sided in their pursuit of proof of guilt.In order to solve the problem that it is difficult to obtain remedy for grievance, it is necessary to systematically reconstruct the relevant system and procedure of criminal justice in our country.
【作者单位】：北京大学法学院;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学研究项目“刑事诉讼法实施问题与对策研究”(项目批准号:15YJA820003)的阶段性研究成果
【分类号】：D925.2

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