民事审判权与执行权分离问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-15 02:14

本文选题：分离 + 协作　；参考：《河南师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国十八届四中全会提出审执分离体制改革试点,意在实现权力的科学配置,以解决我国司法实践中长期诟病的执行问题,提高司法公信力,维护司法权威。执行问题并非单个原因造成的,内外因交织造成了最终结果,审执分离改革即是从体制层面出发,通过重新调整权力结构,寻求更加妥帖的制度设计。审判权与执行权分离已达成共识,但对于审执分离改革的具体方向和路径,《决定》没有具体指向,理论界与实务界对此有着不同的观点,有的认为在法院内部实现审执彻底分离,有的则认为将执行权从人民法院分离出去配置给司法行政机关。笔者认为,民事审执分离是一个复杂的问题,并不能浅显地将其看为是将权力交于谁行使这么简单,重点在于通过权力优化配置将执行权引入良性运行轨道,解决长久以来的判决后难执、不执和乱执的现象,以助司法公信力的提高。对于审执分离改革的具体路径并不是通过理论逻辑推演而肆意预设,而是必须与我国现实需求相结合地理性选择,不能抛弃我国法院执行长期的经验积累。改革应是一个循序渐进的过程,从现有机制的完善逐步到最终体制的构建,不能急于求成。本文聚焦于当前分歧最大的民事领域,针对民事审判权与执行权如何分离的问题进行分析研究。文章共分为四个部分,首先,从理论出发,通过界定执行权的性质及其构成,掌握执行运行规律,理清审判与执行之间的关系,把握审执分离的限度以及审执之间的衔接问题,为审执分离的路径选择提供理论支持。其次,立足于我国审执分离现状,从立法与司法角度考究我国审执运行现状,反思现行审执运行机制存在的问题。然后,通过对域外不同民事执行配置模式的比较分析,总结其经验,为我国当下的审执分离体制改革奠定基础。最后,基于对上述理论分析及现状认识,笔者认为审执分离是个渐进的过程,是民事执行运行规律的体现,我们应在当前司法实践经验的基础上进一步完善现行执行机制,使审执之间更妥善的衔接,使执行运行更加顺利有序,而不是追求形式上的彻底分离。基于理论逻辑与现实需求,当前审执分离改革应当在法院内进行,即在法院内部实现民事审判权与执行权的彻底分离,通过现有审执机制的完善,最终实现民事司法权的优化配置。为了落实审执分离工作的顺利进行,笔者结合当前法院试点经验,从立法、执行权职权的重新划定、具体人员配备以及执行机构的运行等方面提出改革建议。
[Abstract]:The fourth Plenary session of the 18th Central Committee of our country put forward the pilot reform of the separation system of trial and execution in order to realize the scientific allocation of power in order to solve the problem of execution that has been criticized for a long time in judicial practice in our country, to improve the credibility of the judiciary and to maintain the judicial authority.The implementation problem is not caused by a single reason, and the final result is caused by the intertwined internal and external factors. The reform of the separation of trial and execution is based on the system level, through the readjustment of the power structure, it seeks a more appropriate system design.A consensus has been reached on the separation of judicial power and executive power, but there is no specific direction for the specific direction and path of the reform of the separation of trial and execution, and the theoretical and practical circles have different views on it.Some of them think that the execution power should be separated from the people's court and allocated to the judicial administration organ.The author thinks that the separation of civil adjudication and execution is a complicated problem, which can not be regarded as simply giving power to who to exercise, and the emphasis lies in the introduction of executive power into the benign operation track through the optimal allocation of power.To solve the long-standing phenomenon of difficult, non-enforcement and random enforcement after judgment, to help improve the credibility of the judiciary.The specific path of the separation of trial and execution reform is not recklessly preset through theoretical logic, but must be combined with the actual needs of our rational choice, can not abandon our courts to implement long-term experience accumulation.Reform should be a gradual process, from the perfection of the existing mechanism to the construction of the final system.This paper focuses on the most divisive civil field and analyzes the separation of civil jurisdiction and executive power.The article is divided into four parts. Firstly, starting from the theory, by defining the nature and composition of executive power, mastering the law of execution, clarifying the relationship between trial and execution, grasping the limit of separation of trial and execution and the connection between trial and execution.It provides theoretical support for the path choice of separation of trial and execution.Secondly, based on the current situation of the separation of adjudication and enforcement in our country, this paper studies the current situation of the operation of adjudication from the angle of legislation and judicature, and reflects on the problems existing in the current mechanism of the operation of adjudication.Then, through the comparative analysis of different civil execution allocation modes in foreign countries, this paper summarizes its experience and lays a foundation for the reform of the separation system of trial and execution in our country.Finally, based on the above theoretical analysis and understanding of the present situation, the author thinks that the separation of trial and execution is a gradual process and the embodiment of the law of civil execution. We should further improve the current execution mechanism on the basis of the current judicial practice experience.Make the execution run smoothly and orderly rather than pursue the complete separation in form.Based on the theoretical logic and practical needs, the current reform of the separation of trial and execution should be carried out in the court, that is, to realize the complete separation of civil jurisdiction and executive power within the court, and to perfect the existing mechanism of adjudication.Finally, the optimal allocation of civil judicial power is realized.In order to carry out the separation of trial and execution smoothly, the author puts forward some reform suggestions from the aspects of legislation, redelineation of executive power and authority, concrete staffing and the operation of executive organization, combined with the current trial experience of the court.
【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D926.2

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