民事执行程序中参与分配制度研究

发布时间：2018-04-16 12:05

  本文选题：民事执行 + 参与分配　； 参考：《河北经贸大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着社会经济往来的日益频繁,法院执行案件中金钱债务纠纷类案件数量逐年增加。这类案件当中,常会出现多个债权人向同一债务人申请执行强制措施,且被执行人的财产并不能清偿全部债务,在此情况下,对于债务人有限的财产何如合理进行分配体现着法律权威的实现。执行程序中的参与分配制度的设立,目的就是为了保障已取得执行依据的债权人公平实现债权,因此参与分配制度在保障执行公正与效率中的作用愈发重要。以美国、德国等为代表的英美法系及大陆法系主要国家民事执行程序中的参与分配制度较为完善,并形成了具有代表性的优先原则、平等原则和折衷原则下的三种立法模式。一直以来,我国《民事诉讼法》中缺少对于参与分配的法律规定,执行程序参与分配制度的法律依据,主要是源于最高人民法院制定的相关司法解释以及执行工作规定。这些规定虽然对参与程序、分配程序、分配异议(之诉)程序、享有优先权的债权人优先受偿、被执行人为企业法人如何参与分配等方面进行了规定,不过所做的规定却在实际案例中不能涵盖各种问题的处理;同时一些规定中存在相抵的现象,会导致在实际案件中产生冲突,有时当事人运用此规定无法解决实际问题。本文试图对参与分配制度展开系统的研究,在文献研究的基础之上,运用比较研究法,将德国、法国、瑞士等国家参与分配制度与我国参与分配制度作比较,从而发现我国这方面的内容的欠缺,借鉴外国先进立法经验结合我国实际情况针对我国现行法律的不足,从实体方面和程序方面存在的问题入手,在完善参与分配制度方面提出可供借鉴的建议。除引言和结论外,本文分四部分研究执行程序中的参与分配制度。第一部分为执行程序中的参与分配制度概述,详细阐述了理论界存在执行程序参与分配制度定义的二种学说,即广义学说和狭义学说,二者区别之处在于是否以被执行人财产不足以清偿全部债务为前提。阐述了参与分配制度的程序价值和制度功能以及参与分配制度的特征。第二部分为域外国家参与分配制度考察。目前,域外参与分配制度立法主要有三种原则,笔者以代表国家为实例,对三种原则下的立法进行了考察。采用优先原则代表国家是德国、美国;采用平等原则代表国家为法国、日本;采用折衷原则代表国家为瑞士、加拿大。笔者采用比较分析法,结合我国参与分配制度立法规定,表述域外国家参与分配制度对我国借鉴意义。第三部分为我国参与分配制度立法现状及问题。笔者对我国参与分配制度立法历史过程、参与分配程序中的参与程序、分配程序、分配异议(之诉)程序、分配程序转破产程序分别进行了阐述,并对目前参与分配制度中存在的问题从实体方面与程序方面进行论述。实体方面内容包括原则适用问题、受偿顺位问题、多个被执行人且不同主体的分配问题以及申请参与分配数额认定问题。程序方面包括申请参与分配时间问题、无通知公告制度、异议程序问题,以提出问题的方式,为引出下文做铺垫。第四部分为我国参与分配制度的完善。本章从实体方面和程序方面来阐述笔者对于我国参与分配制度完善的意见。实体方面完善建议包括增设专门参与分配制度立法、明确参与分配制度具体适用原则、明确参与分配受偿顺位及标准、“不足以清偿全部债务”的认定标准。程序方面完善建议包括申请截止时间完善、公示公告程序完善、异议程序完善。通过以上几部分的论述,对参与分配制度展开系统的研究,在文献研究的基础之上,运用比较研究法,以参与分配制度在不同立法原则下代表国家为例作为考察对象,借鉴域外国家先进立法经验结合我国实际情况针对我国现行法律的不足,从实体方面和程序方面存在的问题入手,希望在完善参与分配制度方面提出可供借鉴的建议。
[Abstract]:With the social and economic exchanges have become increasingly frequent, the amount of money the debt dispute cases of court execution cases increased year by year. This kind of case, often there will be many creditors to the same debtor for the enforcement of compulsory measures, and the debtor's property does not pay off all the debts, in this case, the debtor's property but reasonable Co. the allocation reflects the realization of legal authority. In the procedure of execution of the distribution system in the establishment, the purpose is to protect the creditors has been made based on the implementation of equity to realize creditor's rights, so the distribution system in the security of the implementation of justice and efficiency in an increasingly important role. In the United States, the system of participation in distribution program as the representative of the Anglo German the main countries of civil law system and civil law system, the more perfect, and the formation of the principle of giving priority to the representative, the principle of equality principle and compromise under The three legislative models. Since China's "Civil Procedure Law >, the lack of legal provisions for participation in the distribution, to enforce the law according to procedures involved in the distribution system, is the main source to formulate the relevant judicial interpretations of the Supreme People's court and the provisions of these regulations. Although the participation in the program, allocation procedure, distribution of objection (V) program, priority creditors priority, executed by the corporation to participate in the distribution and other aspects of the provisions, but the provisions did not cover all of the actual case in the handling of the issue; even the phenomenon of some provisions exist at the same time, will lead to conflict in actual cases sometimes, the parties with the provisions can not solve practical problems. This paper tries to make a systematic research on the system of participation in distribution, on the basis of literature research, comparative research method, germany, France, Switzerland and other countries to participate in the comparison of distribution system and China's participation in the distribution system, the lack of which found that the contents of our country, draw lessons from foreign advanced legislative experience combined with China's actual situation in view of the deficiencies of the existing laws of existence from the substantive and procedural problems in put forward referential suggestions perfection of participation in distribution system. Besides the introduction and conclusion, this paper is divided into four parts to perform the system of participation in distribution program in the study. The first part is the overview of the distribution system in the implementation process, elaborated the theory there are two theories program participation in distribution system definition, namely generalized theory and theory of narrow sense, the difference between the two lies in whether the debtor property is not enough to pay off all the debts as a premise. Expounds the value of procedure and system function in the distribution system and the distribution system The characteristics. The second part is the extraterritorial countries participate in the distribution of the inspection system. At present, foreign participation in the distribution system mainly has three kinds of legislative principles, the author to represent the country as an example, on the three principles of legislation were investigated. The priority principle of the representative countries are Germany, the United States adopted the principle of equality; on behalf of the state of France, Japan the principle of compromise on behalf of the state; to Switzerland, Canada. The author uses the method of comparative analysis, combined with China's participation in the distribution system of legislation in foreign countries, expressing the distribution system in reference to our country. The third part is the distribution system of the status quo and problems of legislation in our country. The author of China's participation in the process of distribution system of legislative history, participation in distribution the program in the program, allocation procedure, distribution objection (v.) procedures, distribution procedures of bankruptcy procedure were discussed, and the current existing in the distribution system. Problems from the entity and procedure are discussed. The entity includes the principle of application, priority issues, multiple execution and the distribution of different subjects and apply for participation in the amount that the allocation procedures including the application. In the allocation of time, without notice system, objection procedure, in order to put forward the question the way to pave the way for the leads to the following. The fourth part is the improvement of the distribution system in our country. This chapter from the entity and procedure to elaborate the author for China's participation distribution system perfect. Entity aspects suggestions include the creation of a special distribution system in legislation, clear the distribution system in the specific application of the principle, clear participation assign priority and standard "standard is not enough to pay off all the debts. The suggestions include improving the procedure of the application deadline, publicity The announcement procedure perfect, objection procedure perfect. Through the above several parts, systematic study of participation in distribution system, on the basis of literature research, comparative research method, to participate in the distribution system in different legislative principles on behalf of the state as the object for example, learn from foreign countries advanced legislative experience combined with the actual situation for the deficiencies of the existing laws of existence from the substantive and procedural problems, hope to provide valuable suggestions to improve the system of participation in distribution.

【学位授予单位】：河北经贸大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.1
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本文编号：1758811