论我国非法人团体的法律地位

发布时间：2018-04-18 07:28

本文选题：非法人团体 + 民事实体法律地位　；参考：《华东政法大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：通说认为，非法人团体是指不具有法人资格但可以自己的名义进行民事活动的组织。在各国民事立法上非法人团体分别有不同称谓，如德、瑞、意民法称为“无权利能力社团”；日本称为“非法人社团和非法人财团”，而我国学界则称其为“非法人团体”或“非法人组织”。论文认为，非法人团体亦称作非法人组织，但非法人组织容易令人联想到法人组织这一不符合法理的名称，因此本文认为使用非法人团体更为妥帖。甚至，由于团体一词在法律上本身即为非法人，属于同义重复，直接运用“团体”似乎更为简洁清晰。关于非法人团体的法律地位特别是民事实体法律地位问题，法学界各派争执不休。主要分为“肯定说”与“否定说”。其中“肯定说”之观点属主流，但本文持“否定说”，并分为如下部分进行论证：第一章、非法人团体概述。本章对非法人团体的概念、法律特征及分类进行详述。第二章、非法人团体的民事实体法律地位。本章在前章的基础上，首先对法人的本质理论提出自己的看法：法人是法律拟制的主体，法人是单数主体的，无成员。不同的是，民法上的团体本质是全体成员的集合，是复数主体。法人与法律上的团体有着本质的不同。其次，，本章简要介绍了德、日与中国大陆对非法人团体民事主体资格及民事权利能力的学界研究成果。最后，本章试通过非法人团体几个重要方面的法律性质，提出笔者的观点：非法人团体自身不是民事主体。第三章、非法人团体民事诉讼法律地位。本章首先介绍了我国民事程序法对非法人团体的立法现状。其次，从程序当事人概念与形式当事人理论探讨了非法人团体的当事人地位问题。显然，诉讼法为了实务之需要，将非法人团体的全体成员设计为单一名义参与诉讼程序。但并不能据此证明非法人团体具有民事主体资格。
[Abstract]:Generally speaking, an unincorporated body is an organization that does not have legal personality but can carry out civil activities in its own name.In the civil legislation of various countries, the unincorporated bodies have different titles, such as de, Rui, and the Italian civil law are called "incompetent societies", while in Japan they are called "unincorporated associations and unincorporated consortiums".The academic circle of our country calls it "non-legal person organization" or "non-legal person organization".The paper holds that the unincorporated group is also called the unincorporated organization, but the unincorporated organization is easy to associate with the name of the legal person organization, which is not in accordance with the legal principle. Therefore, this paper thinks that the use of the unincorporated body is more appropriate.Even, since the term "group" is legally unincorporated, it is synonymous and repetitive, so the direct use of "group" seems more concise and clear.The legal status of unincorporated organizations, especially the legal status of civil entities, has been disputed by various parties in the field of law.It is mainly divided into positive theory and negative theory.The viewpoint of "positive theory" is the mainstream, but this article holds "negative theory", and it is divided into the following parts to demonstrate:The first chapter is an overview of non-corporate bodies.In this chapter, the concept, legal characteristics and classification of unincorporated bodies are described in detail.The second chapter, the legal status of the civil entity of the unincorporated body.On the basis of the previous chapter, this chapter first puts forward his own view on the nature of legal person: legal person is the subject of legal fiction, legal person is singular subject, and no member.The difference is that the essence of a civil law is a collection of all members and a plural subject.Legal persons are fundamentally different from legal groups.Secondly, this chapter briefly introduces the academic research results of civil subject qualification and civil rights capacity of unincorporated bodies in Germany, Japan and mainland China.Finally, this chapter tries to pass the legal nature of several important aspects of the unincorporated body, and puts forward the author's point of view: the unincorporated body itself is not a civil subject.Chapter three, legal status of non-corporate civil action.This chapter first introduces the legislation status of the non-corporate body in the civil procedure law of our country.Secondly, from the concept of procedural parties and the theory of formal parties, this paper discusses the status of non-corporate parties.Obviously, the procedural law designed all the members of an unincorporated body to participate in the proceedings in a single name for practical purposes.However, it can not be proved that the non-corporate body has the qualification of civil subject.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.1;D923

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