监所巡视制度研究

发布时间：2018-04-25 02:21

本文选题：监所 + 巡视制度　；参考：《天津商业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：“尊重和保障人权”这一基本概念自我国宪法修订以来一直规定在宪法原则中,随后的2012年刑事诉讼法修改也将此概念正式写入刑事诉讼法原则,这一概念的强调意味着当公权力限制公民权利时,应该依法运用权力,切不可违背法治。尽管我国改革开放三十多年,监所也历经了种种改革,但是,这些改革都是局限在监所制度的传统框架中。监所巡视制度作为一种外部监督模式,通过引入社会力量,来监督羁押机关行使监督的责任和权力,将有助于确保被羁押人员的人权得到保障、待遇得到符合法律规定的保护。我国于2012年《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》第五十条增加了关于“禁止刑讯逼供”的规定,这正是我国抑制酷刑、保障人权的生动体现。实践证明,建立外部监督制度是解决监所人权问题的有效手段。监所巡视能够有效防止原有的司法内部监督模式中出现的腐败问题、人权问题,并且该制度在试点过程中已取得阶段性成功。司法程序内的权力监督是普遍性的监督方式,在传统司法程序内,监督主体也常常限定在特定的监督机关,这些监督机关同样也由司法系统内部或者行政系统内部制约,这样的内部监督方式往往会导致其无法进行全面、有效的监督。我国对辽源市实施监所巡视试点:由社会公众代表对监所的环境、设施和被羁押人员权利的保障情况进行不定期的独立探访,察看并了解监所的真实情况。试点中实现了对监所和被羁押人员的全方位、持续性的监督。从试点的结果来看,这种外部监督的新模式,能够弥补当前监所单一内部监督模式所造成的公权力机关“自己监督自己”的弊端。从辽源市的监所巡视试点的成效可以看到,社会公众参与司法监督虽然与传统的监督制度有较大差异,但这种新的监督模式无疑取得了良好效果。在当前司法改革的背景下,不仅要完善当前司法制度存在的缺陷,还应当将社会公众的监督纳入到当前的监督体系中去。监所巡视制度的开展可以让社会公众以“监督者”的身份参与到司法的运行过程中去,一方面,社会公众的行为本身就是司法制度规范的对象;另一方面,在制度运行的过程中,社会公众又参与到司法的过程中,可以防止公职人员滥用职权而侵犯公众利益。监所巡视制度相较于传统监督模式最大不同在于,这种监督模式将社会公众单独作为一方监督主体,让社会公众行使一定的监督权,监督羁押场所内的公权力运作状况,以杜绝酷刑、刑讯逼供、超期羁押等现象的发生,这种充分调动社会公众积极性的能动司法方式,有助于修复社会公众与国家羁押机关之间的紧张关系,使政治国家与公民社会和谐相处,从而达到社会治理的良好状态。
[Abstract]:The basic concept of "respecting and protecting human rights" has been stipulated in the constitutional principles since the amendment of the Constitution of our country, and the subsequent revision of the Criminal procedure Law in 2012 has also formally written the concept into the principles of Criminal procedure Law. The emphasis of this concept means that when public power limits civil rights, power should be exercised according to law and must not violate the rule of law. Although China's reform and opening up for more than 30 years, the prison institutions have also undergone a variety of reforms, but these reforms are confined to the traditional framework of the prison system. As a mode of external supervision, the institution inspection system will help to ensure the protection of the human rights of detainees and the protection of treatment in accordance with the law by introducing social forces to supervise the exercise of supervision responsibilities and powers by the custody organs. In 2012, Article 50 of the Criminal procedure Law of the people's Republic of China added the "prohibition of extorting confessions by torture", which is a vivid embodiment of the suppression of torture and the protection of human rights in China. Practice has proved that the establishment of external supervision system is an effective means to solve human rights problems. The inspection of the institution can effectively prevent the corruption and human rights problems in the original internal judicial supervision mode, and the system has been successful in the process of trial. The power supervision within the judicial procedure is a universal way of supervision. In the traditional judicial procedure, the subject of supervision is often limited to a specific supervisory organ. These supervisory organs are also restricted by the internal judicial system or the internal administrative system. This kind of internal supervision will often lead to its failure to conduct comprehensive and effective supervision. Our country carries on the prison inspection pilot to the Liaoyuan city: the social public representative carries on the indefinite independent visit to the prison environment, the facility and the detainee's rights guarantee situation, inspects and understands the real situation of the prison. In the pilot project, the full-directional and continuous supervision of the prison and the detainees has been realized. According to the results of the experiment, this new mode of external supervision can make up for the malpractice of the public power organs "supervising themselves" caused by the single internal supervision mode. It can be seen from the effectiveness of the inspection experiment in Liaoyuan City that the social public participation in judicial supervision is quite different from the traditional supervision system, but this new mode of supervision has undoubtedly achieved good results. Under the background of the current judicial reform, not only the defects of the current judicial system should be perfected, but also the supervision of the public should be brought into the current supervision system. The development of the institution inspection system can enable the public to participate in the operation of the judicial process as "supervisors". On the one hand, the behavior of the public is itself the object of the norms of the judicial system; on the other hand, In the process of system operation, public participation in the process of judicature can prevent public officials from abusing their power and encroaching on public interests. The biggest difference between the inspection system of the prison and the traditional supervision mode is that this supervision mode takes the social public as the main body of supervision on one side, lets the public exercise certain supervisory power, and supervises the operation of the public power in the place of detention. In order to put an end to torture, extort confessions by torture, extend detention and other phenomena, this active judicial method, which fully arouses the enthusiasm of the public, will help to repair the tense relationship between the public and the state custody organs. Make the political state and civil society live in harmony, so as to achieve a good state of social governance.
【学位授予单位】：天津商业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.2

【参考文献】