我国刑事庭审实质化问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-25 03:24

本文选题：以审判为中心 + 刑事庭审实质化　；参考：《中南财经政法大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：刑事庭审实质化是我国庭审方式改革的重要落脚点,也是“以审判为中心”诉讼制度改革的基本要求,其核心在于通过庭审的方式准确地认定被告人的刑事责任。然而在我国长期的在司法实践中一直存在着诉讼结构不合理、审判阶段控辩双方法律地位不平等、法官角色定位不明确、直接言词原则和证据裁判程序不完善等诸多问题,致使刑事审判程序形式化。为此要真正实现庭审实质化,必须从刑事庭审的各个方面入手,着力构建以庭审为中心的裁判机制,实现控辩双方平等对抗、对被告人诉讼权利予以充分的保护,同时完善证人出庭作证制度,强化庭审中的举证、质证、认证环节,以期能够消除庭审虚化的成因,在诉讼层面实现庭审的实质化。本文分为四部分。第一部分就刑事庭审实质化作出概述,主要是对刑事庭审实质化产生背景、价值目标及功能等方面进行分析。本文认为刑事庭审实质化是对庭审形式化深刻反思的结果、也是审判中心理念的逐步强化和刑事庭审方式改革的必然要求。而刑事庭审实质化以实现案件的公正审判、确立司法权威和公信力,保障被告人的权利为价值目标,从而保证庭审准确认定案件事实,防范冤假错案等功能的实现。第二部分本文主要从三个方面论述了庭审实质化的标准问题。从诉讼结构角度来说,庭审需要实现控辩平等、保证法官的中立地位;从审判原则角度看,审判应遵循公开审理、直接言词、辩论质证、集中审理等原则;从证据的运用来看,庭审则应当坚持全面举证、充分质证与及时认证。只有把握好庭审实质化的标准,才能有针对性的解决庭审问题。本文第三部分对我国庭审实质化的困境进行分析。从刑事庭审实质化的标准来看,我国的庭审中有很多地方与庭审实质化不相符。控辩双方的地位不平等、法官的角色定位不明确、庭审过程中的形式化问题以及证据运用中的问题等都是导致刑事庭审“走过场”的原因。只有把这些问题进行深入的研究,才能真正找到妨碍庭审实质化的根源所在,更好的完善庭审活动,实现庭审的实质化。第四部分则针对阻碍庭审实质化的庭审问题提出实现路径。首先,应当控制检察机关的权力、保障被告人的诉讼权利和律师辩护权,实现控辩双方地位的平等;其次,应当保障法官的中立地位和独立地位,树立法官的权威;再次,应当完善证人出庭作证制度、加强庭审中的举证、质证、认证制度、完善案卷移送制度、推进行政审批制度改革,在庭审的程序中更加突出庭审实质化的作用。
[Abstract]:The essence of criminal trial is not only the important goal of the reform of trial mode in our country, but also the basic requirement of the reform of litigation system of "taking trial as the center". The core of it is to accurately identify the criminal responsibility of the defendant through the way of trial. However, in the judicial practice of our country for a long time, there have been many problems, such as unreasonable litigation structure, unequal legal status between the prosecution and defense parties in the trial stage, unclear positioning of the judge's role, the principle of direct words and the imperfect procedure of the evidence adjudication, and so on. Formalize the criminal trial procedure. Therefore, in order to realize the materialization of the trial, we must start from all aspects of the criminal trial, build the adjudication mechanism centered on the trial, realize the equal confrontation between the prosecution and the defense, and fully protect the defendant's litigation rights. At the same time, improve the system of witnesses to testify in court, strengthen the evidence, cross-examination, authentication links, in order to eliminate the causes of the virtual trial, in the litigation level to achieve the essence of the trial. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part summarizes the essence of criminal trial, mainly analyzes the background, value goal and function of it. This paper holds that the materialization of criminal trial is the result of profound reflection on the formalization of the trial, and is also the inevitable requirement of the gradual strengthening of the concept of the trial center and the reform of the criminal trial mode. The essence of criminal trial is to realize the fair trial, establish the judicial authority and credibility, protect the rights of the defendant as the value goal, so as to ensure that the trial accurately identify the facts of the case, prevent the wrong case and other functions of the realization of the function. The second part mainly discusses the standard of the trial from three aspects. From the point of view of litigation structure, the trial needs to realize the equality of prosecution and defense, to ensure the neutral position of the judge; from the perspective of the trial principle, the trial should follow the principles of open trial, direct speech, cross-examination, centralized trial, etc. From the point of view of the application of evidence, Trial should adhere to a comprehensive evidence, full cross-examination and timely certification. Only if we grasp the standard of the essence of the trial, can we solve the trial problem pertinently. The third part of this paper analyzes the dilemma of the materialization of the trial in our country. Judging from the standard of the materialization of criminal trial, there are many places in our country that are inconsistent with the essence of the trial. The status of the prosecution and the defense is unequal, the role of the judge is not clear, the formal problems in the trial process and the problems in the application of evidence are all the reasons leading to the "formality" of the criminal trial. Only by deeply studying these problems can we find out the root that hinders the materialization of the trial, perfect the trial activities better and realize the materialization of the trial. In the fourth part, the author puts forward the way to realize the problem of court hearing which hinders the substance of the trial. First of all, we should control the power of procuratorial organs, guarantee the defendant's right of litigation and the right of counsel to defend, and realize the equality of the status of prosecution and defense. Secondly, we should guarantee the neutral and independent status of judges and establish the authority of judges. We should perfect the system of witness testifying in court, strengthen the system of evidence, cross-examination and authentication in court, perfect the system of transferring case files, push forward the reform of administrative examination and approval system, and put more emphasis on the materialization of trial in the procedure of trial.
【学位授予单位】：中南财经政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.2

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