试论我国刑事司法精神病鉴定制度的不足与完善

发布时间：2018-04-25 06:00

  本文选题：刑事诉讼 + 司法精神病鉴定　； 参考：《烟台大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：刑事司法精神病鉴定是将刑事诉讼中涉及的精神医学问题交由具备专业知识的鉴定人进行判断、鉴别、评价并提供鉴定意见的活动。对于保障犯罪嫌疑人和被告人人权、实现程序正义、提升诉讼效率具有重要意义。但就当下而言,我国刑事司法精神病鉴定制度还存在很多不足,亟待完善。首先,在鉴定启动环节上,“启动难”问题十分突出,“重复鉴定”、“补充鉴定”现象泛滥。目前世界范围内,主要存在英美法系“当事人主义”和大陆法系“令状主义”两种启动模式,虽然二者相差很大,但都努力维系着控辩双方在权利配置的平衡。在未来鉴定体制的改革中我们也应扩大辩方的话语权,对重复鉴定、补充鉴定进行合理的限制。其次,在鉴定人管理方面,我国鉴定人准入门槛还很低,资格审查机制混乱。通过对域外法系考察可以发现,无论是大陆法系的“法定主义”管理模式还是英美法系的“任意主义”管理模式,皆是以鉴定人“能力适格”为中心,通过事先的条件性审查和事后的即时性审查保障鉴定人的鉴定水准。因此,我们可以尝试从多个方面对鉴定人资格提出要求,构建统一的鉴定人职业资格考试制度和职业培训考核制度,加强鉴定人的队伍建设。最后,在鉴定意见审查上,我国法官对精神病鉴定意见过度依赖,控辩双方的质证流于形式。对此我们可以适当借鉴两大法系的相关做法,合理设置鉴定意见的质证程序、引入鉴定意见的庭前开示程序,细化鉴定意见的认证程序,以保障鉴定意见审查的充分有效性。
[Abstract]:Criminal judicial psychiatric identification is an activity that refers the psychiatric problems involved in criminal proceedings to experts with professional knowledge to judge, identify, evaluate and provide expert opinions. It is of great significance to protect the human rights of suspects and defendants, to realize procedural justice and to improve the efficiency of litigation. However, at present, there are still many deficiencies in the criminal judicial psychiatric appraisal system in our country, which need to be improved urgently. First of all, the problem of "hard to start" is very prominent, "repeated identification" and "supplementary identification" are widespread. At present, there are two starting modes of "litigant doctrine" in Anglo-American law system and "writ doctrine" in civil law system in the world. Although the two modes are quite different, they both strive to maintain the balance between the prosecution and the defense in the allocation of rights. In the reform of identification system in the future, we should also expand the voice of the defense, and limit the repeated identification and supplementary identification reasonably. Secondly, in the aspect of appraiser management, the threshold of admission is very low, and the qualification examination mechanism is confused. Through the investigation of the extraterritorial legal system, it can be found that both the "legalism" management mode of the continental law system and the "arbitrariness" management mode of the common law system are centered on the "competence suitability" of the appraiser. The qualification level is guaranteed by prior conditional review and immediate review afterwards. Therefore, we can try to put forward the request to the appraiser qualification from many aspects, construct the unified professional qualification examination system and the vocational training examination system of the expert, strengthen the team construction of the appraiser. Finally, in the appraisal opinion examination, our country judge excessively relies on the psychiatric appraisal opinion, and the cross-examination between the prosecution and the defense is a mere formality. For this reason, we can draw lessons from the relevant practices of the two major legal systems, reasonably set up the cross-examination procedure of the appraisal opinion, introduce the pre-court disclosure procedure of the appraisal opinion, and refine the authentication procedure of the appraisal opinion, so as to ensure the full validity of the appraisal opinion examination.
【学位授予单位】：烟台大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D925.2
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本文编号：1800044