行政检察监督制度比较研究

发布时间：2018-04-25 17:47

本文选题：检察权 + 行政权　；参考：《中共江苏省委党校》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在法治国家环境下,国家、社会、公民扮演着不同的角色。检察机关对公共行政的监督,不仅涉及检察机关在国家权力体系中的职能定位,而且涉及检察机关自身的社会角色,检察机关究竟在推进国家和社会文明进步方面应当发挥什么样的作用,是法学理论所必须回答的问题。我国宪法明确将检察机关定位于法律监督机关,但是从过去将近二十年的司法改革过程中来看,尽管官方文件在不断强调检察机关的宪法定位,但这种检察权应当在多大程度上、范围内、具体以什么样的方式监督行政权的行使,在理论界都还存有不小的争议。私权利的监督作用固然可以抗衡制约公权力的行使,但私权利的行使通常受到公权力的保障,可见在一定程度上私权利的监督能力是有限的。而此时独立、公平、公正、高效、专业的公权力机关的监督制约将是必不可少的,行政检察、审计都是以公权力约束公权力的制度安排,尽管在现今的行政法教科书中这种类型的监督模式大都不再以独立专章的形式出现,但其仍然是十分重要的行政法制度。作为我国宪法理论的组成部分,检察权基本理论在过去研究时多为局部微观的,即使对于检察权与行政权的研究考察也主要是从其中个别关系出发,难以做到检察权与行政权监督与被监督关系的整体性研究。依法治国的核心是依法行政,而依法行政的前提是在科学的决策体系保障的基础上实现有效的权力制约,加强对行政活动的监督,其中来自行政系统外部的监督和制约具有不可替代的作用。我国的检察机关作为专司法律监督的国家机关,理应在推动行政法治的过程中发挥重要的积极作用。检察机关最终能否肩负起法律监督的使命,关键在于能否对公共行政形成有效的监督。为此,从检察监督公共行政的角度出发,全面分析检察机关在保障行政执法秩序方面的职能,探寻检察权配置的内在规律,有利于国家行政权力按照法治的轨道良性运行发挥其应有的作用,有利于我们全面客观、理性地认识和理解检察职能与行政检察的内在含义,进而有利于推动立法科学有效的配置检察职权,并最终为实现法律形式平等与社会实质公平正义寻找到出路。同时,在宪法框架下对二者之间的关系进行一番整体考察,将是探寻与证明我国将检察权作为一项独立而合理存在的国家权力所不可回避的问题,也是在十八届四中全会后为推进检察改革所应做的必要而积极的探索;同时,在行政法范围内重新构建起行政检察制度,将有利于唤起刑法学界与检察院系统对行政学法理论的再认识,在一定程度上繁荣行政法学理论,并从不同视角展开对中国特色社会主义检察理论的全方面的研究。对行政检察制度进行系统研究,揭示分散于不同法律之中、由不同内设机构行使的检察权能与行政权之间的监督与被监督关系,按照职权法定原则的要求完善检察机关监督公共行政的职能配置,将是行政法保障体系建设的重要组成部分,检察机关也只有在充分认识自身承担的监督行政职责的基础上,才能在保障和监督依法行政方面发挥更大的作用,将有利于进一步实现行政检察制度的科学化。
[Abstract]:Under the circumstances of the country under the rule of law, the state, the society and the citizens play different roles. The supervision of the public administration by the procuratorial organs not only involves the position of the procuratorial organs in the state power system, but also involves the social role of the procuratorial organs themselves, and what kind of the procuratorial organs should play in the progress of the state and the social civilization The role of the law is the question that must be answered by the legal theory. The Constitution clearly defines the procuratorial organs in the legal supervision organs, but in the course of the past twenty years of judicial reform, although the official documents are constantly emphasizing the constitutional orientation of the procuratorial organs, the inspection right should be in the scope and in particular. There are still no small disputes in the field of supervision of the exercise of administrative power. The supervisory role of private rights can certainly counterbalance the exercise of the power of public power, but the exercise of private rights is usually guaranteed by public power, and to a certain extent, the supervision ability of private rights is limited. At this time, it is independent, fair, just and efficient. The supervision and restriction of the professional public authority will be essential. The administrative procuratorial work and the audit are the institutional arrangements that restrict the public power by public power. Although most of this type of supervision mode is no longer in the form of independent special chapter in the present administrative law textbooks, it is still a very important administrative law system. The basic theory of the theory of law is part of the basic theory of procuratorial power in the past. Even if the investigation of the procuratorial power and the administrative power is mainly from the individual relations, it is difficult to study the integrity of the relationship between the procuratorial power and the supervision and the supervision of the administrative power. The premise of politics is to realize effective power restriction on the basis of the guarantee of scientific decision-making system and strengthen the supervision of administrative activities. The supervision and restriction from the external administrative system is irreplaceable. The procuratorial organs of our country should play the role of the administrative rule of law in the process of promoting the administrative rule of law. In the end, the key is whether the procuratorial organ can shoulder the mission of legal supervision, the key is whether it can form effective supervision on the public administration. Therefore, from the perspective of procuratorial supervision public administration, it analyzes the functions of the procuratorial organ in guaranteeing the administrative law enforcement order in an all-round way, and seeks the internal law of the allocation of procuratorial power, which is beneficial to the country. The administrative power of the family plays its due role in accordance with the good operation of the rule of law. It is beneficial for us to understand and understand the intrinsic meaning of the procuratorial and administrative procuratorial functions in a comprehensive and objective way, and then to promote the scientific and effective allocation of procuratorial power, and ultimately to find the equality of the law and the fair and justice of the society. At the same time, the overall investigation of the relationship between the two under the framework of the constitution will be an unavoidable problem in exploring and proving that our country's procuratorial power is an independent and rational state power, and it is also a necessary and active exploration for the promotion of procuratorial reform after the fourth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee; at the same time, The re construction of the administrative procuratorial system within the scope of administrative law will help to arouse a further understanding of the theory of the administrative law by the criminal law circle and the procuratorate system, to a certain extent, to flourish the theory of administrative law, and to carry out a comprehensive study of the procuratorial theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics from different perspectives. To reveal the relationship between the supervision and the supervision between the procuratorial power and the administrative power, which is exercised by different internal organizations, and to improve the function configuration of the procuratorial organs to supervise the public administration according to the requirements of the statutory principle of authority, will be an important part of the construction of the administrative law guarantee system, and the procuratorial organs are only fully recognized. On the basis of recognizing the administrative duties of supervision, it can play a greater role in guaranteeing and supervising the administration of law, and will help to further realize the scientification of the administrative procuratorial system.

【学位授予单位】：中共江苏省委党校
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D926.3

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