海峡两岸法院调解制度的比较研究

发布时间：2018-05-02 19:21

本文选题：中国大陆 + 台湾地区　；参考：《南京大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：被誉为“东方经验”的法院调解制度在民事诉讼领域中占有重要地位,法院调解在解决民事纠纷、降低法官压力等方面具有优势。中国大陆近十年的法院调解热度不减,法院调解盛行的背后掩盖了很多问题,需要学界和实务界对调解“热”进行冷思考。我国台湾地区与大陆有着相近的民事诉讼制度,民事诉讼法经历几次修订后,已经日臻完善,法院调解制度也在新的时代背景下得以发展。同样面临案件积压过多、法官工作压力较大的困境,台湾地区法院调解并没有大面积出现变相强制调解、侵犯当事人诉讼权利的问题,至于其中的原因,需要就两岸法院调解制度进行全面的比较,探究制度设计上的差异,以期为大陆法院调解制度的改革提供有益借鉴。本文主要分为如下四部分：第一部分的主要内容是问题的提出。由于法院调解在解决纠纷过程中发挥的作用越来越大,法院调解成为了中国法院处理纠纷的主要手段之一。在法院调解的广度和深度不断增加的同时,中国大陆法院调解也出现了很多问题,需要寻求解决的办法；在台湾地区,法院调解同样也越来越受重视,但是大陆出现的问题在台湾能够较好的被解决,两岸在法院调解的制度设计上是否存在差异以及两岸可以相互借鉴的地方又有哪些,这是本文需要解决的问题。第二部分的主要内容是两岸法院调解的比较。首先对两岸法院调解的历史沿革以及法院调解制度的法律规定进行介绍,对两岸法院调解历史沿革的节点提出了自己的观点,并且从法院调解的基本流程进行法律规定的介绍,涉及法院调解的基本原则、启动、进行、终结、适用阶段、先行调解、不得调解、调解效力的规定。第三部分的主要内容是针对第二部分的内容的分析评价。从法院调解的性质、原则、程序以及效力等方面进行比较研究,每一个方面再做进一步的划分和比较。该部分提出了大陆学者和台湾学者之间的观点以及内部的争议,同时也给出了笔者自己的一些看法,以期将两岸法院调解的差异尽可能的展现。第四部分的主要内容是两岸法院调解制度的借鉴,台湾地区这些年行之有效的法院调解制度值得大陆去借鉴,笔者从两岸法院调解制度的比较过程中提出了可以借鉴的地方,包括“调审分离”模式的引入、先行调解案件的单独立法、保障法官独立进行调解,以期大陆地区法院调解能够更加完善。
[Abstract]:The court mediation system, known as "Oriental experience", plays an important role in the field of civil litigation. Court mediation has advantages in resolving civil disputes and reducing the pressure of judges. The popularity of court mediation in mainland China has not decreased in the past ten years, and the popularity of court mediation has covered up many problems, which requires academic and practical circles to think cold about mediation "hot". There are similar civil litigation systems in Taiwan and mainland China. After several revisions, the civil procedure law has been perfected, and the court mediation system has been developed under the new background. Also facing the dilemma of excessive backlog of cases and heavy pressure on the work of judges, Taiwan District Court mediation has not appeared in a large area in disguised compulsory mediation, which infringes the litigant rights of the parties. As for the reasons, It is necessary to make a comprehensive comparison between the two sides of the court mediation system and explore the differences in the design of the system in order to provide useful reference for the reform of the court mediation system in mainland China. This paper is divided into four parts as follows: the first part of the main content is the question. As court mediation plays a more and more important role in the process of dispute settlement, court mediation has become one of the main means for Chinese courts to deal with disputes. With the increasing breadth and depth of court mediation, there have also been many problems in court mediation in mainland China, which need to be solved. In Taiwan, court mediation is also receiving more and more attention. However, the problems that appear in the mainland can be solved better in Taiwan, whether there are differences in the design of the court mediation system between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait and what places the two sides can learn from each other, which is the problem to be solved in this paper. The second part of the main content is the cross-Strait court mediation comparison. First of all, it introduces the historical evolution of court mediation on both sides of the strait and the legal provisions of the court mediation system, puts forward its own views on the historical evolution of court mediation on both sides of the strait, and introduces the legal provisions from the basic process of court mediation. Provisions concerning the basic principles of court mediation, initiation, conduct, termination, applicable stage, prior mediation, no mediation, and mediation effectiveness. The third part of the main content of the second part of the content of the analysis and evaluation. This paper makes a comparative study on the nature, principle, procedure and effectiveness of court mediation, and further classifies and compares each aspect. This part puts forward the views and internal disputes between mainland scholars and Taiwanese scholars, and also gives some views of the author himself, in order to show the differences of court mediation between the two sides of the strait as much as possible. The fourth part of the main content is the cross-straits court mediation system reference, Taiwan area these years effective court mediation system is worth the mainland to draw lessons from the author from the cross-Strait court mediation system comparison process can be used for reference. It includes the introduction of the model of "the separation of investigation and trial", the separate legislation of mediation cases in advance, and the guarantee of independent mediation by judges, in the hope that the mediation of the courts in mainland China will be more perfect.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.14

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