我国法律援助质量管理研究

发布时间：2018-05-06 14:45

本文选题：法律援助 + 质量管理　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：法律援助是国家为保障困难群众能够平等得到法律保护,有效维护自身合法权益的一项司法制度,体现了当代社会的法制文明,是国家不可推卸的责任。但再理想的制度设计没有实际效果只能沦为摆设,因此能否优质、便民、高效地完成法律援助工作,切实为困难群众解决实际问题,才是法律援助制度建立和发展的核心价值所在。我国法律援助制度发展的时间还不长,许多方面还不成熟,经过二十年的探索与改进,初步建立了具有中国特色的法律援助制度,为解决困难群众的法律问题发挥了巨大作用。但应当看到我国的法律援助制度在运行过程中存在很多管理盲区,如传统援助模式不能有效的利用人力资源、援助回报率低且欠缺公平性、援助质量监控不到位等；同时援助工作开展也面临很多困难,如经费保障不足且地区间不均衡、援助人才匮乏、援助人积极性不易调动等现实问题,都是我国在质量管理方面需要改进的。法律援助制度起源于西方国家,向援助制度更为成熟、经验更为丰富的国家学习,能够使我们有更加清晰的对比,更加深刻的认识到自身的不足,取人之长,从中找到解决我国法律援助质量问题的方法,建立符合我国国情的法律援助质量管理体系。本文分为四大部分,第一部分阐述了法律援助的相关概念、课题研究背景及价值等内容。第二部分在总结了我国现阶段法律援助工作开展的现实状况的基础上,指出了我国法律援助质量管理所面临的难点和问题。第三部分为本文重点,首先分别分析了英国、美国两个国家在法律援助管理方面所采用的援助模式和质量监控措施。结合我国国情,笔者认为对于我国援助人力资源较为丰富的地区,应当考虑建立援助人名册制度,细化区分不同法律专业领域、不同执业经验的援助人,根据援助案件的类型、复杂程度对应相应的援助人员。同时建立区分案件办理补贴制度,改变传统的“一刀切”的补贴发放方式,“高付出,高回报”。另外,对于援助案件的质量难以监控的困局,设计了不同援助阶段可采取的相应的监控办法。在案件办理过程中,除继续沿用传统的“听审”方式外,可综合使用法律援助监督卡、援助监督员制度、同行监督、定期报告制度、重大案件“会诊”处理等方式,监控案件办理质量。在案件办理结束后,通过卷宗检查、综合评估等方式对援助质量做出测评,奖优罚劣,督促案件办理质量的持续保持与提高。另外,援助质量的质量管理离不开资金、人员,以及其他各方面社会资源的保障和支持,在本文的最后一部分,对上述方面进行了论述。总之,需要充分调动各项资源,支持和保障我国法律援助的质量管理的健全和发展。
[Abstract]:Legal aid is a judicial system in order to ensure that the people in difficulty can get equal protection of the law and effectively safeguard their legitimate rights and interests. It embodies the civilization of the legal system in the contemporary society and is the unshirkable responsibility of the state. However, the ideal design of the system can only be reduced to furnishings without any practical effect. Therefore, can the quality, convenience and efficiency of legal aid work be accomplished, and practical problems be solved for the people in need? It is the core value of the establishment and development of legal aid system. The legal aid system of our country has not been developed for a long time and many aspects are not mature. After 20 years of exploration and improvement, the legal aid system with Chinese characteristics has been preliminarily established, which has played a great role in solving the legal problems of the difficult masses. However, we should see that there are many management blind areas in the process of operation of our legal aid system, such as the traditional aid mode can not effectively use human resources, aid returns are low and lack of fairness, aid quality control is not in place. At the same time, the development of aid work also faces many difficulties, such as insufficient financial support and uneven regional, lack of aid personnel, difficult to mobilize the enthusiasm of aid workers and other practical problems, which need to be improved in quality management in our country. The legal aid system originates from the western countries. Learning from the more mature and experienced countries can make us have a clearer contrast and a deeper understanding of our own shortcomings. In this paper, the author finds out how to solve the problem of legal aid quality in our country, and sets up a legal aid quality management system in accordance with the situation of our country. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part describes the related concepts of legal aid, research background and value. The second part points out the difficulties and problems in the quality management of legal aid in our country on the basis of summarizing the current situation of legal aid in our country. The third part is the focus of this paper, first of all, the analysis of the two countries in the United Kingdom and the United States in the legal aid management of the aid model and quality control measures. According to the situation of our country, the author thinks that for the regions with abundant human resources, we should consider establishing the aid roster system to distinguish the different areas of law and practice, according to the type of assistance cases. The degree of complexity corresponds to the corresponding aid worker. At the same time, we should set up the subsidy system to change the traditional "one-size-fits-all" subsidy system, which means "high pay and high return". In addition, for the difficult situation that the quality of aid cases is difficult to monitor, the corresponding monitoring methods in different aid stages are designed. In the course of handling a case, in addition to continuing to use the traditional "hearing" method, the legal aid supervision card, the aid supervisor system, the peer supervision system, the regular reporting system, and the "consultation" handling of major cases may be used comprehensively. Monitor the quality of case handling. After the case processing is over, the quality of aid is evaluated through file inspection and comprehensive evaluation, and the quality of case handling is continuously maintained and improved. In addition, the quality management of aid quality can not be separated from the guarantee and support of funds, personnel and other social resources. In the last part of this paper, the above aspects are discussed. In a word, we need to mobilize all kinds of resources to support and guarantee the sound and development of the quality management of legal aid in our country.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D926.5

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