论民事诉讼中的证明责任分配

发布时间：2018-05-06 22:08

本文选题：民事诉讼 + 证据制度　；参考：《烟台大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：民事诉讼中的证明责任素有“民事诉讼的脊梁”之称,德国学者罗森贝克(Rosenberg)认为证明责任是通过分析实体法中法规范的逻辑结构进行分配,法官无权对证明责任分配自由裁量。我国是成文法国家,由于法律的制定具有滞后性特征,新类型的案件可能会造成法官难以分配证明责任,严格按照法律要件分类说分配证明责任在一些特殊案件处理上可能会导致不公平的结果。大陆法系国家为了追求法律的稳定性、可判性,在分配证明责任上采用法律要件分类说为主,利益衡量说为辅进行操作,在特殊案件中一般允许法官在根据原、被告的举证能力,并在诚实信用原则等前提下,自由裁量分配证明责任。新颁布的《最高人民法院关于适用中华人民共和国民事诉讼法的解释》(以下简称《民事诉讼法司法解释》)中第91条,将法律要件分类说的观点作为理论依据,对证明责任分配规则形成成文解释。本文以大陆法系基本证据理论,分析何为证明责任分配,在分配证明责任方面法官能否拥有自由裁量权及法官如何行使自由裁量权分配证明责任,并力求提出解决的初步方案。
[Abstract]:The burden of proof in civil action is known as "the backbone of civil action". Rosenberg, a German scholar, believes that the burden of proof is distributed by analyzing the logical structure of the norms of law in substantive law, and that the judge has no right to exercise discretion in the distribution of burden of proof. Our country is a statutory country, because the law making has the characteristic of lag, the new type of case may make it difficult for the judge to distribute the burden of proof. According to the strict classification of legal elements, the assignment of burden of proof may lead to unfair results in some special cases. In order to pursue the stability of the law and the justiciability of the civil law system, the countries of the civil law system adopt the classification theory of the legal elements mainly in the distribution of the burden of proof, and the theory of weighing the interests as the auxiliary operation. In special cases, judges are generally allowed to operate according to the original. The defendant's ability to prove, and the principle of good faith and other premises, discretionary distribution of the burden of proof. Article 91 of the newly promulgated interpretation of the Supreme people's Court on the Application of the Civil procedure Law of the people's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the Judicial interpretation of the Civil procedure Law) takes as the theoretical basis the viewpoint of classifying the legal elements. Form a written explanation of the rules of burden of proof. Based on the basic evidence theory of the continental law system, this paper analyzes what is the distribution of burden of proof, whether the judge can have the discretion to distribute the burden of proof and how to exercise the discretion to distribute the burden of proof, and tries to put forward a preliminary plan to solve the problem.
【学位授予单位】：烟台大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.1

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