论我国刑事诉讼非法实物证据排除规则

发布时间：2018-05-13 10:37

本文选题：非法证据排除规则 + 非法实物证据　；参考：《重庆大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着社会法治的进步和人权呼声的不断高涨，世界范围内对非法证据排除规则进行了深入研究和探讨，美国、英国的非法证据排除规则十分发达，且在刑事司法实践中都得到广泛的运用。我国在非法证据排除规则方面经历了一个从有到无、从粗浅到不断完善的发展过程。2010年两高三部颁布的《两个证据规定》，正式确立了我国非法证据排除规则；2012年我国第一次将“尊重和保障人权”写进新修订的《刑事诉讼法》，在刑事诉讼领域正式确立了人权保障理念，并对非法证据排除规则作了进一步的修改和完善。目前在世界范围内的绝大多数国家，包括中国，对非法证据排除规则中非法言词证据都形成了强制排除的基本态度，而对非法实物证据方面的规定则意见不一、各有差异。尤其在我国，侦查机关在司法实践中非法取证的现象大量存在，我国现行对非法实物证据排除规则的法律规定又过于原则和粗浅，而国内学者对非法实物证据排除规则的研究更是屈指可数。以此为出发点，本文将对我国刑事非法实物证据排除规则进行梳理和剖析，探讨我国构建非法实物证据排除规则的必要及其完善的具体举措。本文除引言和结语外，，正文内容共分为以下六部分：第一部分，主要是关于刑事非法实物证据排除规则的概述，对证据本身意义价值、非法证据排除规则的产生、分类及非法实物证据排除规则的界定进行梳理和论述；第二部分，针对我国构建非法实物证据排除规则的必要性进行分析，探讨我国构建及完善非法实物证据排除规则的需要；第三部分，主要是论述我国关于非法实物证据排除规则法律规制的发展历程，也即我国非法实物证据排除规则的法律现状。这一部分将重点阐述《两个证据规定》开辟的新局面及新《刑事诉讼法》实现的新突破。第四部分，在我国法律规制现状研究的基础上，剖析挖掘我国现行非法实物证据排除规则当中存在的缺陷和缺陷成因，这也是当前我国非法实物证据排除规则面临的主要问题及提出改善措施的依据。第五部分，将研究眼光转向国外，对非法实物证据排除规则较为发达的国家如美国、英国、德国、日本的制度设计进行介绍，并从四国的立法经验中吸取对我国有利的部分。第六部分，在充分考虑我国实际现状及借鉴国外经验的基础上，笔者提出的完善我国非法实物证据排除规则的构想，将非法实物证据排除规则分类为“实质性违法的非法实物证据”和“程序瑕疵性的非法实物证据”两种排除模式，并提出增加“毒树之果”排除规则以及完善排除程序和构建配套措施的具体建议。
[Abstract]:With the progress of social rule of law and the rising voice of human rights, the rule of exclusion of illegal evidence has been deeply studied and discussed in the world, and the rules of exclusion of illegal evidence in the United States and Britain are very developed. And in the practice of criminal justice are widely used. Our country has experienced a rule of exclusion of illegal evidence from having to nothing. The "two evidential regulations" promulgated by the two High and three Ministries in 2010 formally established the exclusion rules of illegal evidence in China; in 2012, China first wrote "respect and protect Human Rights" in the newly revised "punishment". The Code of procedure formally established the concept of human rights protection in the field of criminal proceedings. And the rule of exclusion of illegal evidence has been further modified and perfected. At present, the vast majority of countries in the world, including China, have formed the basic attitude of compulsory exclusion of illegal verbal evidence in the exclusion rules of illegal evidence, but the provisions on illegal physical evidence are different and different. Especially in our country, the phenomenon of illegal collection of evidence exists in the judicial practice of investigation organs, and the current legal provisions on the exclusion rules of illegal physical evidence in our country are too principled and superficial. But the domestic scholar to the illegal physical evidence exclusion rule research is even more few. Taking this as a starting point, this paper will comb and analyze the exclusion rules of criminal illegal material evidence in our country, and discuss the necessity of constructing the exclusion rules of illegal material evidence in our country and the concrete measures to perfect them. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the text is divided into the following six parts: The first part, mainly about the criminal illegal material evidence exclusion rule outline, to the evidence itself significance value, the illegal evidence exclusion rule generation, the classification and the illegal physical evidence exclusion rule definition carries on the comb and the elaboration; the second part, Based on the analysis of the necessity of constructing the exclusion rules of illegal physical evidence in our country, the paper discusses the need of constructing and perfecting the exclusion rules of illegal physical evidence in our country; the third part, This paper mainly discusses the development course of the legal regulation on the exclusion rules of illegal physical evidence in our country, that is, the legal status quo of the exclusionary rules of illegal physical evidence in our country. This part will focus on the new situation opened up by the "two evidences" and the new breakthrough of the new "Criminal procedure Law". The fourth part, on the basis of the study of the current situation of legal regulation in our country, analyzes and excavates the defects and causes of defects existing in the current exclusion rules of illegal physical evidence in our country. This is also the main problem faced by the exclusion rules of illegal physical evidence in our country and the basis of improving measures. The fifth part introduces the system design of the developed countries such as the United States, Britain, Germany and Japan, and draws the beneficial part from the four countries' legislative experience. In the sixth part, on the basis of fully considering the actual situation of our country and drawing on the experience of foreign countries, the author puts forward the idea of perfecting the exclusion rules of illegal physical evidence in our country. The exclusion rules of illegal physical evidence are classified as "illegal material evidence of material violation" and "illegal material evidence of procedural defects". It also puts forward some concrete suggestions on how to add the "fruit of poison tree" and how to perfect the exclusion procedure and construct the matching measures.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.23

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