环境民事公益诉讼中的证明责任合理分配研究

发布时间：2018-05-23 17:42

本文选题：环境民事公益诉讼 + 环境民事公益诉讼证明责任　；参考：《昆明理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：证明责任分配是环境民事公益诉讼证据规则体系中的核心内容,环境民事公益诉讼能否得以顺利展开以及司法裁判是否公正都与证明责任分配相关。我国目前立法上的缺失状态以及司法适用的现状,不仅制约着环境民事公益诉讼的推进,而且如不尽快构建环境民事公益诉讼证明责任分配规则,则不能有力地对诉诸司法的公众环境权益进行保护。面对这一现状,本文以环境民事公益诉讼证明责任为研究对象,通过考察我国司法中环境民事公益诉讼证明责任分配的适用情况及其缺陷,比较其他国家及地区的相关制度和理论,分析可供借鉴的理论依据以及司法实践经验,在结合环境民事公益诉讼的特点以及立法宗旨的基础上,试图架构出一个有理论支撑、有原则指导的环境民事公益诉讼证明责任分配规则体系。本文以环境民事公益诉讼证明责任合理分配为研究主线,正文共分为四个部分:第一部分,阐述了环境民事公益诉讼证明责任及其分配的基本理论,首先需要对基础的概念作出界定以便奠定本文写作的基础。文章从环境民事公益诉讼的基础理论入手,力图对环境民事公益诉讼进行介绍。此后,文章紧接着研究环境民事公益诉讼证明责任及其分配的内容,明确在环境民事公益诉讼中证明责任包含双重含义,即客观证明责任与主观证明责任。第二部分,主要考察立法和司法中环境民事公益诉讼证明责任分配的现状,分析目前我国立法中环境民事公益诉讼证明责任分配缺失统一立法规定之不足,以及司法实践中环境民事公益诉讼证明责任分配的局限性与不合理之处,从而明确专门建构环境民事公益诉讼证明责任分配规则的必要。第三部分,阐述了两大法系中典型国家对环境公益诉讼证明责任分配的运行方式,由于各国的法源及司法环境的差异,对环境民事公益诉讼证明责任分配的标准也存在不同,但是各国皆存在一个共同点,即立足于能够合理的、公平的对原、被告双方的环境公益证明责任进行分配。第四部分,针对环境民事公益诉讼证明责任分配制度的设想,从立法和司法机制两方面出发,提出合理建构环境民事公益诉讼中证明责任分配制度的路径。证明责任的分配属于立法权的事项,故需通过立法者将环境民事公益诉讼证明责任分配规则反映到法律文本中,以指导司法实践的运行。同时,由于环境民事公益诉讼的特殊性,一些具体诉讼证明过程中的因素亦会对双方当事人证明责任的承担产生影响,故为了充分保障环境民事公益诉讼的公平正义,有必要在司法中建立相关配套机制。因此,本文在最后提出在司法中建立相关配套机制,以确实保障双方当事人在环境民事公益诉讼证明责任分配制度中诉讼地位的平等,以实现环境公益的保护和实质的正义。
[Abstract]:The distribution of burden of proof is the core content in the system of evidence rules of environmental civil public interest litigation. Whether environmental civil public interest litigation can be carried out smoothly and whether the judicial decision is fair is related to the distribution of burden of proof. The lack of legislation and the current situation of judicial application in our country not only restrict the advancement of environmental civil public interest litigation, but also construct the rules of distribution of burden of proof in environmental civil public interest litigation as soon as possible. Can not be able to access to justice of the public environmental rights and interests to protect. In the face of this situation, this paper takes the burden of proof in environmental civil public interest litigation as the object of study, by investigating the application and defects of the distribution of the burden of proof of environmental civil public interest litigation in our country's judicature. Comparing the relevant systems and theories of other countries and regions, analyzing the theoretical basis and judicial practice experience that can be used for reference, on the basis of combining the characteristics and legislative purposes of environmental civil public interest litigation, trying to construct a theoretical support. Environmental civil public interest litigation system of rules of distribution of burden of proof. This paper takes the reasonable distribution of burden of proof in environmental civil public interest litigation as the main line of study, the text is divided into four parts: the first part, expounds the basic theory of the burden of proof and its distribution in environmental civil public interest litigation. First of all, we need to define the concept of foundation in order to lay the foundation of this paper. Starting with the basic theory of environmental civil public interest litigation, this paper tries to introduce it. After that, the article then studies the burden of proof and its distribution in environmental civil public interest litigation, and clarifies that the burden of proof in environmental civil public interest litigation contains double meanings, namely objective burden of proof and subjective burden of proof. The second part mainly investigates the current situation of the distribution of the burden of proof in the environmental civil public interest litigation in the legislation and judicature, and analyzes the deficiency of the unified legislative provisions on the lack of the distribution of the burden of proof of the environmental civil public interest litigation in the current legislation of our country. And the limitation and unreasonableness of the distribution of the burden of proof in the environmental civil public interest litigation in the judicial practice, so as to make clear the necessity of constructing the rules of the assignment of the burden of proof in the environmental civil public interest litigation. In the third part, the author expounds the operating mode of the distribution of the burden of proof in the typical countries of the two legal systems. Due to the differences of the legal sources and the judicial environment of different countries, there are also different standards for the distribution of the burden of proof in the environmental civil public interest litigation. But all countries have one thing in common, that is, based on the reasonable and fair distribution of the burden of proof of environmental public interest between the defendant and the defendant. In the fourth part, aiming at the assumption of the distribution system of the burden of proof in the environmental civil public interest litigation, from the two aspects of the legislation and the judicial mechanism, the author puts forward the way to construct the distribution system of the burden of proof in the environmental civil public interest litigation. The distribution of burden of proof belongs to the matter of legislative power, so it is necessary to reflect the rules of assignment of burden of proof in environmental civil public interest litigation into the legal text through the legislator in order to guide the operation of judicial practice. At the same time, because of the particularity of environmental civil public interest litigation, some factors in the process of proof will also affect the burden of proof of both parties, so in order to fully protect the fairness and justice of environmental civil public interest litigation, It is necessary to establish relevant supporting mechanisms in the administration of justice. Therefore, in the end, this paper puts forward the establishment of relevant supporting mechanism in the administration of justice in order to ensure the equality of litigation status between the parties in the distribution system of the burden of proof in environmental civil public interest litigation, so as to realize the protection of the environmental public good and the substantive justice.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.1

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