强制拍卖问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-10 21:25

本文选题：强制拍卖 + 拍卖　；参考：《武汉大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：强制执行拍卖作为民事强制执行措施中的重要变价措施,其公开、公正、效率的特点使其作为民事强制执行首要的执行方式。我国在不断司法实践的过程中,逐步确立了强制执行中的拍卖制度。其首次出现在我国1991年颁布的《民事诉讼法》,之后随着我国民事强制执行制度的不断完善,强制拍卖制度对于确保民事执行案件及时终结,维护债权人合法权益,保障交易安全等方面的作用愈发显著,学术界和立法界对强制执行拍卖制度也更予以重视。我国尚未制定强制执行法,有关强制拍卖的立法主要在司法解释中规定。由于历史原因,我国的强制拍卖立法依然比较落后,强制拍卖的研究相对滞后,学术界也没有对强制拍卖的一些实体上问题进行探讨,如：强制拍卖的无效与可撤销、网络拍卖在强制拍卖中的适用等等。本文也正是在已有研究的基础上,就强制拍卖的这些问题做一些尝试性的探索。本文主要是结合我国现有的强制拍卖立法,从强制拍卖的性质入手,在对国外以及我国台湾地区对强制拍卖的规定做比较分析的基础上结合我国的研究成果,对强制拍卖做比较深入的研究。同时,立足于我国的社会现实,总结司法实践中的经验教训,从而对我国强制拍卖的立法提出自己的观点。本文共五章,主要内容如下：第一章是对强制拍卖的性质进行探讨。本文首先对强制拍卖性质学术争议的三个主要观点分别进行了论证。接着比较分析了两大法系对强制拍卖的相关立法规定,再结合我国的立法现状,认为我国强制拍卖性质的应有定位是用强制拍卖公法说确定标的物所有权于拍定人,同时通过赋予案外人其他救济途径的方法达到双方利益的平衡。第二章研究的是强制拍卖与其他相关制度：一是强制拍卖与《拍卖法》,二是强制拍卖与一般拍卖,三是强制拍卖与公物拍卖,这三大问题研究强制拍卖与其他制度的区别和联系。对于强制拍卖与《拍卖法》,本文认为我国强制拍卖规则体系和《拍卖法》是一种交叉的关系,而我国强制拍卖规则体系不甚完备也并非为最高人民法院的疏漏,而是考虑到《拍卖法》中的某些规定在强制拍卖中可适用无须重复规定。对于强制拍卖与一般拍卖,本文认为两者之间存在许多的区别与联系。其中,在强制拍卖的各方法律主体方面,人民法院居于主体地位,人民法院与拍卖机构之间是委托合同关系同时兼具协助执行的性质。在一人竞买的情形下,应从正当性以及合法性两方面进行分析,得出一人竞买行为若依法出现于强制拍卖中,强制拍卖程序依然有效。在强制拍卖与船舶拍卖方面,船舶拍卖应优先适用《海诉法》的规定。同时,其在所有权的转移方式与转移时间方面也有较为特殊的规定。第三章是对强制拍卖的方式问题进行研究。本文认为在采取拍卖方式时不能简单的规定采取一种方式来应对强制拍卖中的各种情形,而只有根据标的或者执行中具体的情况来判断采取不同的拍卖方式才能达到最优的解决,同时可以考虑将法院自主拍卖或者委托拍卖的选择权交由当事人协商解决。并同时对强制拍卖中腐败滋生的原因进行了分析,并提出了需要预防竞买人妨害强制拍卖的行为。网络拍卖这种新型的拍卖形式在强制拍卖中已经得到了适用,然而其有一些规则是不能在强制拍卖中适用的,比如网络拍卖中的后悔权。在强制拍卖中的价金支付方面,价金缴付应当可以适当的延期,但需要在法律中对这种特殊情况进行规定。在不按时缴纳价金的情况下采取何种处理方式最为妥当应综合拍卖物的基本行情以及买受人的财产状况甚至案件的执行情况进行衡量。第四章是强制拍卖的效力。本文认为强制拍卖的无效应当在法律中进行明确规定,而我国现行仅在《拍卖法》第65条规定了一个无效的原因,无效的原因主要为执行名义的瑕疵、公告程序的瑕疵、不按照执行机关指令进行拍卖的行为、处分权瑕疵、拍卖标的物系违禁物或者为第三人所有。在强制拍卖的瑕疵担保问题上,因为保留瑕疵担保请求权不仅有价值更有相应的代价,其在给予买受人实质正义的同时,对于其他相关当事人的权益会造成重大的影响。因此,人民法院在强制拍卖中原则上不承担瑕疵责任,拍卖人与被执行人因其过错承担瑕疵责任。在强制拍卖有租赁权的财产中,本文认为在《合同法》第229条增加“承租人占有中”这一限制条件将更有利于现实中强制拍卖中问题的解决。同时,在租赁权的除去方面,可以考虑借鉴我国台湾地区法院除去租赁权裁定程序和拍卖后的点交命令程序。在误拍误卖第三人财产的情况下,相对于真正所有权的第三人而言,拍定人的利益应该更值得保护。对于第三人权益的保护可分为两部分进行研究,即拍卖程序终结之前的程序保障与拍卖程序已经终结之后的实体救济。在同一标的被两个法院重复拍卖的效力方面,本文通过对于案例的分析,认为此时应从查封措施的对抗效力、拍卖标的物所有权的转移时间和造成重复拍卖的原因等方面综合考量两次拍卖的效力,在先拍卖的并不必然有效。第五章是对我国强制拍卖的检讨。本文指出了我国强制拍卖在申请执行人和被执行人权益保护、竞买人妨害强制拍卖行为以及无效的后果、救济这几个方面的解决方法。同时,还研究了破产财产强制拍卖中存在的一些问题。
[Abstract]:Compulsory execution auction as an important price measure in civil enforcement measures, its public, fair and efficient characteristics make it the primary execution mode of civil enforcement. In the process of continuous judicial practice, China has gradually established the auction system in compulsory enforcement. It first appeared in the Civil Procedure Law promulgated in 1991 in China. With the continuous improvement of the civil enforcement system in China, the compulsory auction system has become more and more important in ensuring the timely end of the civil execution cases, maintaining the legitimate rights and interests of the creditors and ensuring the safety of the transaction. The academic and legislative circles also pay more attention to the enforcement of the auction system. The legislation on compulsory auction is mainly stipulated in the judicial interpretation. Due to historical reasons, the compulsory auction legislation in China is still relatively backward, the research of compulsory auction is relatively lagging, and the academic circles have not discussed some entities on the compulsory auction, such as the invalid and revocable of compulsory auction, and the network auction in compulsory auction. On the basis of the existing research, this paper makes some tentative exploration on the problems of compulsory auction. This article is mainly based on the existing compulsory auction legislation in China, starting with the nature of compulsory auction, and combining with me on the basis of comparative analysis of compulsory auction in foreign countries and in Taiwan area of China. The research results of the country have made a thorough study of the compulsory auction. At the same time, based on the social reality of our country and summing up the experience and lessons of the judicial practice, the author puts forward his own views on the legislation of compulsory auction in China. The main contents of this paper are as follows: the first chapter is to discuss the nature of compulsory auction. The first chapter of this paper is to enforce the compulsory auction. The three main viewpoints of the academic controversy of the nature of the auction are demonstrated respectively. Then, the relevant legislative provisions of the compulsory auction of the two legal systems are compared and analyzed, and the present situation of our country's legislation is combined with the status of the legislation of our country. The second chapter studies the balance between the other means of relief. The second chapter studies compulsory auction and other related systems: one is compulsory auction and the auction law, the two is compulsory and general auction, the three is compulsory auction and public property auction, and the three major problems are to study the difference and connection between compulsory auction and other systems. Auction and auction law, this article thinks that China's compulsory auction rule system and the auction law are a cross relationship, but our compulsory auction rule system is not complete and not the omission for the Supreme People's court, but considering that some provisions in the auction law are not required to be repeated in the compulsory auction. In the general auction, there are many differences and connections between the two. Among them, the people's court is in the main position in the legal subject of the compulsory auction, and the people's court and the auction institution are the nature of the concurrently contract relationship. In the case of one person's bidding, it should be from legitimacy and legitimacy two On the basis of the analysis, it is concluded that the compulsory auction procedure is still valid if one person's bidding behavior appears in compulsory auction according to law. In the aspect of compulsory auction and ship auction, the ship auction should be given priority to the provisions of the "sea appeal". At the same time, the transfer mode and time of transfer of ownership are also more special. The third chapter is strong. It is considered that the auction method can not be used in a simple way to deal with the various situations in the compulsory auction, but only according to the standard or the implementation of the specific circumstances to judge the different ways to achieve the best solution, at the same time, we can consider the court self. The choice of the main auction or the entrustment auction is settled by the parties, and the causes of the corruption in the compulsory auction are analyzed, and the action of preventing the bidders from impairing the compulsory auction is put forward. The new form of the network auction has been applied in the compulsory auction, but there are some rules. It is not applicable in a compulsory auction, such as the right of regret in a network auction. In the payment of the price in a compulsory auction, the payment of the price should be properly postponed, but the special situation is required in the law. What kind of treatment is most appropriate to the basis of the comprehensive auction in cases where the price is not paid on time. This market and the status of the buyer's property and even the execution of the case are measured. The fourth chapter is the validity of the compulsory auction. This article holds that the invalidity of the compulsory auction should be clearly stipulated in the law, and the current only in the "Auction Law > sixty-fifth" stipulates an invalid reason, and the main reason for the invalid is the execution of the nominal defect. The defects of the announcement procedure shall not be auctioned in accordance with the instructions of the executive organ, the defect of the right of disposition, the object of the auction, or the third party. In the question of the defect guarantee of the compulsory auction, the claim for the reservation of the defect guarantee not only has the corresponding price, but also gives the buyer substantial justice, while it gives the buyer substantive justice. The rights and interests of other interested parties will have a significant impact. Therefore, the people's court does not bear the liability for the defect on the Central Plains of the compulsory auction, and the auctioneer and the executor assume the liability for defects due to their fault. In the property of the renting right of the compulsory auction, this article believes that the 229th article of the contract law increases the limit of the tenant possession in the contract law. It will be more conducive to the solution of the problems in compulsory auction in reality. At the same time, in the aspect of the removal of the lease right, we can consider using the Taiwan district court to remove the renting right ruling procedure and order the order after the auction. In the case of mistaken selling the property of third people, the profit of the person is compared to the third people of the real ownership. The protection of the interests should be more worthy of protection. The protection of the rights and interests of the third party can be divided into two parts, namely, the substantive relief after the end of the procedure guarantee and the auction procedure before the end of the auction procedure. In the same standard, the validity of the repeated auction by the two courts, by the analysis of the case, should be taken from the closure measures at this time. The effectiveness of the confrontation, the time of the transfer of the title of the object of the auction and the cause of the repeated auction are considered comprehensively in the two auction. The first auction is not necessarily effective. The fifth chapter is a review of the compulsory auction in China. This article points out that the rights and interests of the applicant and the executor are protected by the compulsory auction in China, and the bidders are harmful to the buyer. The compulsory auction and the consequences of ineffectiveness, relief methods, and some problems in the forced sale of bankrupt property are also discussed.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D925.18

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