我国检察监督存在问题与对策研究

发布时间：2018-06-15 22:53

本文选题：人民检察机关 + 检察监督　；参考：《广西师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国的检察制度历经几十年的艰难发展,现己逐步形成较为完善的检察监督体制。检察监督作为我国监督体系中的一项重要监督形式,在推动经济社会良好发展等方面起着重要作用。但由于当前社会正处于深刻变革期,各种新的问题层出不穷,使得检察监督中一些不合理的地方进一步凸显,对现行检察监督体制的冲击和挑战不断加大。特别是在司法改革、员额检察官制度实施及监察委员会的试点工作都在推开的新形势下,对检察监督机制的自我完善提出了更多、更高的要求。笔者以一名检察工作者的独特视角,采用“文献+经历”的研究思路,通过查阅相关文献资料,结合自身从检工作实际及履行检察监督职能工作中发现的问题,力求多角度、多层次地挖掘现行检察制度下的检察监督运行中存在的问题。借鉴域外检察监督改革方面的有益经验,找准检察监督体制完善的切入点,积极为我国检察监督的有效运行建言献策。在现行的法律体系下,我国检察机关被定位为唯一独立行使检察监督权的国家机关,任何个人、行政机关都不得干涉检察机关行使宪法赋予的检察权。我国宪法和相关法律都有明确规定,我国人民检察机关由国家权力机关选举产生,其检察长及工作人员中的检察官和助理检察员都必须经人民代表大会通过法定程序予以任命,方能具备行使一定的检察权的资格。我国检察制度从大革命时期开始在红色根据地借鉴苏联等国的经验做法,试推行人民检察制度,历经抗战等多次起伏发展,在新中国成立后迎来短暂春天,又在文革中遭到毁灭性破坏。人民检察制度在文革后的1978年才重新恢复并被写入宪法,开始了新的发展起点,在法治意识和依法治国理念的指导和影响下,得到了蓬勃发展,逐步形成具有中国特色的人民检察监督制度。虽然我国检察监督依法履职情况较为良好,为全面推进依法治国和保证司法公正等方面起着一定积极作用。然后我国检察机关的检察监督存在着一系列问题,笔者主要从检察监督工作内部视角,指出了当前检察监督工作中存在检察监督受重视程度不够、检察监督运行机制的滞后性、检察监督缺乏必要的强制约束力、检察监督方式单一、检察机关内部监督机制不健全、检察队伍专业化水平不高、检察力量薄弱、科技装备投入不足等问题,极大的制约着检察监督职能的正常有效行使。如检察监督方式单一,仅有对程序的启动权和建议权,缺乏有效的强制力,使得检察监督在某种程度上来说无约束力。在以侦查为中心的司法理念的指引下,检察机关的检察监督也更多地侧重在对侦查活动的监督工作上。对国家机关及其工作人员的检察监督集中体现在职务犯罪侦查层面。对于审判活动的监督除提起公诉,参与法院审判中的法庭活动及对有关案件的抗诉等程序外,法律对检察机关对审判机关的相关行为监督规定较少且抽象。另外,检察机关对作为国家机关中最主要的部分的行政机关的检察监督显得有些滞后。检察机关大多注重职务犯罪侦查工作、公诉工作和审查逮捕工作,履行的更多是侦查事务,对“本行”——法律赋予的检察监督职能工作重视不够,甚至在某些方面存在缺位,难以杜绝冤假错案的发生。笔者在本文中着重提出我国检察监督体制要改革与完善,首先要立足于我国基本国情,借鉴域外有益经验做法,顺应时代发展需要,具备前瞻性战略眼光,从检察监督内部着手,改善和强化检察监督方式、力量及运行机制等。我国正推动司法体制改革和监察委员会试点,检察机关也在进行员额检察官制度,空前的司法体制机制改革,进一步明确和强化了检察官办案责任。要利用该契机,借鉴域外有益改革经验做法,积极有效整合检察监督力量,实现检察机关机构职能科学化设置,适时建议国家权力机关完善检察立法,让检察监督职权明确化、监督方式多样化,切实增强检察监督的强制力。从而形成一个高效的检察机关,在法律明确规定下,依法积极履行检察监督职能,促使各个法律活动参与主体树立法治思维,自觉遵守法律,崇尚宪法和法律,加快推进中国特色社会主义法治国家建设。
[Abstract]:The procuratorial system in China has been developing hard for several decades and has gradually formed a more perfect procuratorial supervision system. As an important supervision form in the supervision system of our country, procuratorial supervision plays an important role in promoting the good economic and social development. However, the current society is in a period of profound change and a variety of new problem layers. Out of poverty, some unreasonable places in procuratorial supervision have been further highlighted and the impact and challenge of the current procuratorial supervision system are increasing. In particular, under the new situation of judicial reform, the implementation of the procurator system and the pilot work of the supervisory committee, the self-improvement of the procuratorial supervision mechanism has been put forward more and more. With a special perspective of a procuratorial worker, the author uses the research ideas of "literature + experience", through consulting relevant documents, and combining with the problems found in the work of procuratorial work and performing the work of procuratorial supervision, and strives for multiple angles and multi-level excavation of the procuratorial supervision under the current procuratorial system. In the current legal system, the procuratorial organs of our country are designated as the only state organs that exercise procuratorial supervision independently, no individual or administrative organ. The procuratorial organs should be interfered with the procuratorial authority to exercise the procuratorial power given by the constitution. Our constitution and relevant laws have clearly stipulated that the procuratorial organs of our country are elected by the state authority, and the procurators and assistant procurators among the procurators and staff members must be appointed by the people's Congress through legal procedures. From the period of the great revolution, China's procuratorial system began to draw on the experience of the Soviet Union and other countries in the red base, and tried to carry out the people's procuratorial system. After many ups and downs, after the founding of the new China, the civil procuratorial system was destroyed and destroyed in the cultural revolution. The people's procuratorial system was in the 1978 after the cultural revolution. It has been resumed and written to the Constitution and started a new starting point. Under the guidance and influence of the consciousness of rule of law and the idea of ruling the country according to law, it has developed vigorously and gradually formed the people's procuratorial supervision system with Chinese characteristics. Although the procuratorial supervision in China is in good condition in accordance with the law, it will promote the rule of law and ensure the judicature in an all-round way. Justice and other aspects play a positive role. Then there are a series of problems in the procuratorial supervision of the procuratorial organs of our country. From the internal perspective of the procuratorial supervision, the author points out that there is not enough attention in procuratorial supervision, the lag of procuratorial supervision and operation system, and the lack of compulsory compulsory contract for procuratorial supervision. A single way, the single way of procuratorial supervision, the imperfect supervision mechanism of the procuratorial organs, the low professional level of the procuratorial force, the weakness of the procuratorial power and the insufficient input of scientific and technological equipment, have greatly restricted the normal and effective exercise of the procuratorial supervision function. The coercive force makes the procuratorial supervision not binding to some extent. Under the guidance of the judicial idea of the investigation as the center, the procuratorial supervision of the procuratorial organs is more focused on the supervision of the investigation activities. The procuratorial supervision of the state organs and their staff is embodied in the investigation level of the duty crime. In addition to the prosecution, the court activities in the trial of the court and the protest against the case, the law provides less and abstract supervision of the relevant acts of the procuratorial organs on the judicial organs. In addition, the procuratorial organs appear to be lagging behind the procuratorial supervision of the administrative organs, which are the most important part of the state organs. Most of the inspection authorities pay attention to the investigation of crime of duty, the work of public prosecution and the examination and arrest work, and more of the investigation affairs. It is not enough to pay enough attention to the procuratorial supervision function given by the law, even in some aspects, and it is difficult to prevent the occurrence of wrongful and false cases. The reform and improvement of the governor system should be based on the basic national conditions of our country, drawing on the useful experience of foreign countries, conforming to the needs of the times, having a forward-looking strategic vision, starting from the internal supervision of the procuratorial supervision, improving and strengthening the mode of procuratorial supervision, strength and operating mechanism. The procuratorial organ is also carrying out the system of post procurator, the unprecedented reform of the judicial system and mechanism, further clarifying and strengthening the responsibility of the prosecutor handling cases. To use this opportunity, draw on the useful experience of foreign reform, actively and effectively integrate the power of procuratorial supervision, realize the scientific establishment of the function of the procuratorial organs, and timely advise the state authority to finish To make a good procuratorial legislation, make the procuratorial supervision and supervision power clear, the mode of supervision diversified and strengthen the coercive force of the procuratorial supervision. Thus, a highly effective procuratorial organ is formed. Under the clear law, the procuratorial supervision function is actively fulfilled in accordance with the law, and the various legal activities are involved in the legislative thinking of the main body tree, the law is conscientiously observed, the constitution is advocated and the constitution is advocated. The law should speed up the building of a socialist country ruled by law with Chinese characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D926.3

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