我国民事申请再审审查程序的完善

发布时间：2018-06-17 02:06

本文选题：再审审查程序 + 再审审理程序　；参考：《湘潭大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：再审程序,是我国学术界对审判监督程序在学理上的一种通称。再审制度是我国诉讼制度的一个重要组成部分。申请再审是当事人寻求司法救济的最终途径。再审制度关涉程序安定性与实体公正两种相互对抗的价值理念。民事申请再审审查程序处于再审通道“关口”的关键位置,除了具有决定当事人申请再审案件是否再审的功能之外,其更为重要的司法意义是通过阻止不必要的再审申请进入到再审审理程序中以衡平和协调程序安定性与实体公正两种价值追求。具体而言,再审审查程序承担着再审过滤、预防监督、权益救济、矛盾化解等多重功能。当事人申请再审,法院对再审申请进行审查后作出再审或者驳回再审申请的再审审查裁定。审查结果直接决定当事人申请再审的成功与否。当事人申请再审的案件被裁定再审才能进入再审审理阶段。因此,民事申请再审审查程序是决定案件是否再审的关键性程序。然而,通过对司法实务之观察,笔者发现该项程序尚存在如下问题:受理再审申请的部门不明确;再审申请的审查期限形同虚设;再审审查标准混乱;审查程序不透明;审查模式不统一;审查阶段调解主体与效力不明;再审免诉讼费致使滥诉现象频生。上述这些问题的存在,直接或间接地削弱了再审审查程序的应有功能,事实上也阻碍了再审制度的畅通运行。不可否认,法律关于申请再审审查程的规定过于简单是导致司法实践中存在诸多问题的主要根源。再审审查之诉在司法实践中得不到落实。这不仅令当事人申请再审权难以得到保障,也使得滥用诉权、缠诉、恶意诉讼现象频现。为解决现有问题,使再审审查程序健康运行,实现既判力维护与依法纠错之间的协调。完善民事申请再审审查程序,首先,应确定正确的审查原则,即有限原则、程序法定原则、审查公开原则。其次,应明确再审申请受理部门、明确再审事由审查主体、明确再审审查方式和具体化审查规则、规范审查期限计算等四个方面规范和完善申请再审审查制度。最后,应通过强化再审申请的诉讼指导制度、建立申请再审案件预收费制度、畅通诉讼与调解的衔接等三个方面完善相关配套机制。
[Abstract]:Retrial procedure is a general term for trial supervision procedure in Chinese academic circles. Retrial system is an important part of our litigation system. Application for retrial is the final way for the parties to seek judicial relief. The system of retrial involves two kinds of values: procedural stability and substantive justice. The civil application retrial examination procedure is in the key position of the retrial channel "gate", in addition to having the function of deciding whether the party applies for retrial case or not, Its more important judicial significance is to prevent unnecessary retrial application from entering the retrial procedure in order to balance and coordinate the stability of procedure and the pursuit of substantive justice. Specifically, the retrial review process undertakes many functions, such as retrial filtering, prevention and supervision, rights and interests relief, conflict resolution and so on. If a party applies for a retrial, the court shall, after examining the retrial application, make a retrial examination order or reject the retrial application. The result of the examination directly determines the success of the party's application for retrial. The case that the party applies for retrial can enter the stage of retrial only if the case is ordered to retry. Therefore, the review procedure of civil application retrial is the key procedure to decide whether the case should be retried. However, through the observation of judicial practice, the author finds that the procedure has the following problems: the department accepting the retrial application is not clear, the examination period of the retrial application is empty, the standard of retrial review is confused, the review procedure is not transparent; The mode of examination is not uniform; the subject and effect of mediation are not clear in the stage of examination; The existence of these problems directly or indirectly weakens the proper function of the retrial review procedure and in fact impedes the smooth operation of the retrial system. It is undeniable that the legal provisions on the procedure of application for retrial are too simple and the main cause of many problems in judicial practice. The lawsuit of retrial and review can not be carried out in judicial practice. This not only makes it difficult for the parties to apply for retrial right to be protected, but also causes abuse of the right of action, entanglement and malice litigation. In order to solve the existing problems, make the procedure of retrial and review run healthily, and realize the coordination between the maintenance of res judicata and the correction of errors according to law. In order to perfect the procedure of retrial of civil application, we should first of all determine the correct principle of examination, that is, the principle of limitation, the principle of procedural law and the principle of examination and openness. Secondly, we should make clear the department of accepting the retrial application, clarify the subject of the retrial subject, clarify the retrial examination method and concrete examination rules, standardize the calculation of the review period, and standardize and perfect the application retrial review system. Finally, we should strengthen the litigation guidance system of the retrial application, establish the pre-charge system of the application retrial case, unblock the connection between litigation and mediation, and perfect the relevant supporting mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.1

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