污点证人作证豁免法律问题实证研究

发布时间：2018-06-24 08:31

本文选题：污点证人 + 作证豁免　；参考：《西南政法大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：污点证人作证豁免制度的运行目的是为了在强制作证义务和反对强迫自证其罪之间实现平衡,在保护污点证人的同时积极利用污点证人提供的线索和证言,以更好地打击某些犯罪尤其是有组织犯罪。2012年《刑事诉讼法》的修订进一步确立了人权保障的价值目标,确立了反对强迫自证其罪、证人保护等法律规则,唯独缺乏对污点证人作证豁免的规定,使现行《刑事诉讼法》中的打击犯罪和保护人权之间存在一定程度上的失衡。基于这一现状,本文对污点证人作证豁免展开研究,辨析污点证人作证豁免中的各种理论争议,比较其他国家和地区在污点证人作证豁免中的立法成就和得失,并结合我国刑事司法实践中的实际需求,对污点证人作证豁免制度的确立提出一些初步的建议。在此基本上,本文的研究主要分为如下三个部分,全文共约2万字:第一部分是我国污点证人作证豁免的实证考察。本部分主要从实证研究的角度,对我国刑事立法和刑事司法实践中的污点证人作证豁免问题展开考察,并通过案例的类型化总结、实证访谈等方式,得出我国立法上并无污点证人作证豁免制度,但是刑事司法实践中存在类似于污点证人作证豁免的做法,如共犯、有组织犯罪中的自首和立功、行贿者主动交代行贿行为等。第二部分国外污点证人作证豁免制度的实践经验。该部分从比较研究的视角介绍并对比了其他国家污点证人作证豁免制度,得出域外污点证人作证豁免模式各异、程序有别,但价值趋同的结论。所谓价值趋同,是指域外污点证人豁免制度都旨在保护人权、打击犯罪,其实质都是为了调和打击犯罪和反对强迫自证其罪之间的矛盾;所谓模式各异,是指存在否定污点证人作证内容的使用和立法上直接减免其罪行两种模式;所谓程序有别,是指有的国家明确规定了检察官拥有决定权,有的国家则认为检察官拟进行作证豁免的行为应得到法官的允许。第三部分我国污点证人作证豁免制度的引入。本部分对污点证人作证豁免制度的确立提出了一些观点,建议将污点证人作证豁免置于《刑事诉讼法》第五章证据部分,检察机关在污点证人作证中占居主导地位,人民法院则享有最终的决定权;以现行不起诉制度为依托,充分利用现有的立法资源,避免立法体系上的失衡。同时,立法上不宜直接采用“污点证人”这样的表述,以免引起歧义和误解。
[Abstract]:The purpose of the exemption system for tainted witnesses is to strike a balance between the compulsory duty to testify and the crime of opposing forced self-incrimination, and to make active use of clues and testimonies provided by tainted witnesses while protecting tainted witnesses. In order to better combat certain crimes, in particular organized crime. The 2012 revision of the Criminal procedure Code further established the value objective of human rights guarantees and established legal rules against forced self-incrimination, witness protection, etc., However, the lack of immunity to the tainted witness makes the balance between the fight against crime and the protection of human rights in the current Criminal procedure Law exist to a certain extent. Based on this situation, this paper studies the immunity of tainted witness, analyzes the various theoretical disputes in the exemption of tainted witness, and compares the legislative achievements and gains and losses of other countries and regions in the exemption of tainted witness. Combined with the actual demand in our country's criminal judicial practice, some preliminary suggestions are put forward on the establishment of the exemption system of tainted witness testifying. Basically, the research of this paper is divided into the following three parts: the first part is the empirical investigation of the exemption of tainted witnesses. This part mainly from the perspective of empirical research, to our criminal legislation and criminal justice practice in the issue of immunity of tainted witnesses, and through the classification of cases summary, empirical interviews and other ways. It is concluded that there is no tainted witness immunity system in our country's legislation, but in criminal judicial practice, there are some similar practices, such as accomplice, voluntary surrender and meritorious service in organized crime, active confession of bribery behavior and so on. The second part is the practical experience of the exemption system of tainted witness in foreign countries. This part introduces and compares the exemption system of tainted witness in other countries from the perspective of comparative study, and draws the conclusion that the exemption mode and procedure are different, but the value is convergent. The so-called convergence of values means that the extraterritorial system of immunity of witnesses is aimed at the protection of human rights and the fight against crime, the essence of which is to reconcile the contradiction between the fight against crime and the fight against forced self-incrimination; the so-called patterns vary, It refers to the existence of two modes: the use of the content of the negative stain witness's testimony and the direct remission of the crime in the legislation; the so-called procedural difference refers to the fact that some countries explicitly stipulate that the prosecutor has the right to decide. Others were of the view that the Prosecutor's intention to conduct immunity from testimony should be permitted by the judge. The third part introduces the exemption system of tainted witness. This part puts forward some views on the establishment of the exemption system for tainted witnesses, and suggests that the exemption of tainted witnesses should be placed in the evidence part of Chapter V of the Criminal procedure Law, and that the procuratorial organs occupy a dominant position in the testimony of tainted witnesses. On the other hand, the people's court has the final right to make the decision, to make full use of the existing legislative resources and to avoid the imbalance in the legislative system on the basis of the current system of non-prosecution. At the same time, legislation should not directly use the expression "stain witness" to avoid ambiguity and misunderstanding.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.2

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