民商事仲裁与诉讼衔接的法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-07-28 08:02

【摘要】：我国最高人民法院在2009年发布了《最高人民法院关于建立健全诉讼与非诉讼相衔接的矛盾纠纷解决机制的若干意见》,这份文件的出台标志着非诉讼解决机制迎来了发展的重要时刻。2014年十八届四中全会通过的《中共中央关于全面推进依法治国若干重大问题的决定》指出,要健全依法维权和多元化纠纷解决机制。其中特别强调要完善仲裁制度,提高仲裁公信力。这些文件的出台,正是为了通过发展非诉讼解决机制,从而来有效应对我国当前诉讼激增的局面。目前,随着法制化进程的加快,人民的法律意识得到进一步提升,人们愈加重视通过法律手段寻求自身权利的维护。另一方面,经济的快速发展,也带来更多的纠纷和矛盾,案件的数量与日俱增。再加上我国目前正面临司法资源紧缺这一巨大现实。国家没有能力源源不断地增加司法资源,从而使得每一个人利用诉讼解决纠纷的愿望得到满足。因此,在当前探索非诉讼解决机制与诉讼解决机制的衔接具有重要战略地位。诉讼和仲裁作为当前民商事纠纷的两大重要解决途径,均为我国的法治实践做出了巨大贡献。经过长期的实践证明,二者并非敌对关系,而是相互联系的。较之诉讼的司法性质,仲裁更多体现出了民间自治的属性,这就决定了两者在定纷止争中的不同功能。作为一种民间自治行为,仲裁功能的有效发挥离不开诉讼这个强有力的后盾,此外,诉讼亦是监督仲裁裁决规范实施的重要手段。因此,民商事仲裁与诉讼的衔接尤为重要。但是,立法的滞后性在一定程度上影响了民商事仲裁与诉讼的衔接。2012年,我国对《民事诉讼法》进行了修订。然而,现行有效的《仲裁法》颁布于1994年,虽然最高人民法院已经发布了多个关于仲裁的司法解释及答复,但这并不能从根本上解决《仲裁法》存在的问题。因此,本文从概念、表现形式及功能三方面入手分析了民商事仲裁与诉讼衔接的基本理论,通过分析当前的立法现状,研究了当前仲裁与诉讼衔接制度存在的缺陷,并基于此,有针对性的提出了五大完善建议。追本溯源,一个成熟的法治社会应该是这样的:一方面要对现有的司法资源进行合理的配置,另一方面也要尽可能限制或减少不必要的诉讼。这样的社会才能有效应对社会转型导致的纠纷和矛盾多发的事实。笔者正是秉持着这种理念构架民商事仲裁与诉讼衔接的法律制度,通过认真分析民商事仲裁与民商事诉讼的各个环节与功能,达到对其进行正确的社会定位和价值定位。对于我国目前的民商事纠纷问题,要在充分考虑我国当前形势的基础上,借鉴一些仲裁发达国家的成熟制度,有目的、有计划地构建我国民商事仲裁与诉讼衔接的法律制度,从而实现对民商事纠纷的妥善处理。
[Abstract]:In 2009, the Supreme people's Court of China issued the opinions of the Supreme people's Court on establishing and perfecting the conflict and dispute settlement mechanism linking litigation and non-litigation. This document marks the coming of the non-litigation settlement mechanism. The "decision of the CPC Central Committee on promoting the Rule of Law in an All-round way", adopted at the 2014 fourth Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, points out that It is necessary to improve the mechanism for safeguarding rights in accordance with the law and pluralistic dispute resolution. Among them, special emphasis should be placed on perfecting the arbitration system and improving the credibility of arbitration. These documents are designed to effectively deal with the proliferation of litigation in our country through the development of non-litigation resolution mechanism. At present, with the acceleration of the process of legalization, people's legal consciousness has been further enhanced, and people pay more attention to the protection of their rights through legal means. On the other hand, the rapid development of economy also brings more disputes and contradictions, the number of cases is increasing. In addition, our country is now facing the huge reality of the shortage of judicial resources. The state does not have the capacity to continuously increase judicial resources, thereby satisfying everyone's desire to use litigation to resolve disputes. Therefore, it has an important strategic position to explore the connection between non-litigation settlement mechanism and litigation settlement mechanism. Litigation and arbitration, as two important ways to solve civil and commercial disputes, have made great contributions to the practice of rule of law in our country. Long-term practice has proved that the two are not hostile, but interrelated. Compared with the judicial nature of litigation, arbitration embodies the attribute of civil autonomy, which determines the different functions of the two in resolving disputes. As a kind of civil autonomy, the effective exertion of arbitration function can not be separated from the powerful backing of litigation. In addition, litigation is also an important means to supervise the implementation of arbitration award. Therefore, the connection between civil and commercial arbitration and litigation is particularly important. However, the lag of legislation affects the connection between civil and commercial arbitration and litigation to a certain extent. In 2012, China revised the Civil procedure Law. However, the current valid Arbitration Law was promulgated in 1994. Although the Supreme people's Court has issued many judicial interpretations and replies on arbitration, this cannot fundamentally solve the problems existing in the Arbitration Law. Therefore, this paper analyzes the basic theory of civil and commercial arbitration and litigation convergence from the three aspects of concept, form and function. By analyzing the current legislative situation, this paper studies the defects of the current system of arbitration and litigation convergence, and based on this, Five suggestions are put forward. Tracing back to the source, a mature society under the rule of law should be like this: on the one hand, we should allocate the existing judicial resources reasonably, on the other hand, we should limit or reduce unnecessary litigation as much as possible. Such a society can effectively cope with the social transformation of disputes and contradictions caused by the fact. It is precisely with this idea that the author sets up the legal system of civil and commercial arbitration and litigation, and through analyzing the various links and functions of civil and commercial arbitration and civil and commercial litigation seriously, achieves the correct social orientation and value orientation of civil and commercial arbitration and civil and commercial litigation. With regard to the problems of civil and commercial disputes in our country, we should, on the basis of fully considering the current situation in our country, draw lessons from the mature systems of some developed countries for arbitration, and purposefully and systematically construct a legal system linking our national commercial arbitration with litigation. In order to achieve the proper handling of civil and commercial disputes.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.7;D925.1

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