刑事被害人诉讼权利研究

发布时间：2018-08-01 13:16

【摘要】：随着世界范围内人权保护的发展趋势，我国《刑事诉讼法》自1997年修改以来，在人权保障方面取得了很大的进步。但是，在我国，因为强调国家刑罚权的实现和国家司法权在刑事诉讼过程中的地位，相对应地，作为国家司法追诉的对象即被告人，其各项权利越来越受到各界包括立法界、理论界和司法界的普遍关注，被告人的权利不仅在法律上有全面而明确地规定，在具体地实践操作即权利的行使上也较为严格和规范。总之，被告人的权利从法律规定到具体行使都得到了较大程度地保护，国家对刑事案件双方当事人权利的保护，严重地偏向了刑事被告人一方。相比之下，虽然被害人具有当事人的诉讼地位，但对其诉讼权利的保护远远不及被告人权利保护受到更大程度的重视，随之而来的是被害人权利法律规定范围的狭窄，权利保护与行使偏离法律规定的本意，被害人的权利未得到应有的保护。因此，刑事诉讼的双方当事人在这种有同样当事人诉讼地位但得不到同等程度保护的情况下，加强对权利保护处于弱势一方的被害人权利的保护就显得必不可少了。加强被害人权利保护，完善被害人权利保障制度，具有非常重要的意义。这不仅是世界人权保障潮流的影响和要求，也是平衡刑事案件各方利益的需要，更是实现法律正义包含的程序正义的内在要求。完善刑事被害人的权利尤其是诉讼权利，对有效保护被害人合法权益、缓解社会矛盾、维护社会良好秩序起着至关重要的作用。刑事被害人是合法权益因犯罪行为而遭受到损害的人。两大法系国家对被害人的诉讼地位有不同定义，在我国刑事被害人具有当事人的诉讼地位，赋予被害人当事人的诉讼地位为被害人享有广泛的诉讼权利提供了依据。刑事被害人的权利非常广泛，而其诉讼权利仅指其在刑事诉讼的立案、侦查、起诉和审判阶段的权利。随着世界人权保护的发展，我国对刑事被害人的保护经过长时期的发展，到现在已经赋予被害人比较广泛的诉讼权利，而且这些诉讼权利也有其得到保障的理论基础。我国《刑事诉讼法》虽然赋予了刑事被害人诸多权利，其中也包括诉讼权利，但对被害人诉讼权利的保护仍然存在着问题和不足，既有某些诉讼权利在法律规定上的缺失，又有某些诉讼权利在实践运行中的执行不力。产生这些问题的原因很多，包括传统诉讼结构的影响、立法技术的影响等。而从国外立法规定来看，，刑事被害人的诉讼权利得到更为全面的保护。这些相关的法律规定对完善我国刑事被害人诉讼权利具有非常重要的借鉴意义。针对我国对刑事被害人诉讼权利保护上存在的问题及产生的原因，对比国外一些行之有效的诉讼权利制度，有针对性的提出完善建议，包括保护刑事被害人理念的树立和制度建设，以更好地保护被害人的合法权益。
[Abstract]:With the development trend of human rights protection in the world, China's Criminal procedure Law has made great progress in human rights protection since its revision in 1997. However, in our country, because of the emphasis on the realization of national criminal penalty power and the status of national judicial power in the process of criminal proceedings, correspondingly, as the object of national judicial prosecution, that is, the accused, the rights of the defendant are more and more affected by various circles, including the legislative circle. In the theoretical and judicial circles, the rights of the defendants are not only fully and clearly stipulated in law, but also more strict and standardized in the practice of operation, that is, the exercise of rights. In a word, the rights of the defendants have been protected to a greater extent from the legal provisions to the specific exercise, and the protection of the rights of both parties in criminal cases has been seriously biased towards the criminal defendants. In contrast, although the victims have the litigant status, the protection of their procedural rights is far less important than the protection of the rights of the accused, followed by the narrow scope of the legal provisions on the rights of the victims. The protection and exercise of rights deviate from the original intention of the law, and the rights of the victims are not protected as they should be. Therefore, the parties in criminal proceedings have the same litigant status but not the same degree of protection, strengthen the protection of the rights of the victims in a weak party is essential. It is of great significance to strengthen the protection of victims' rights and perfect the protection system of victims' rights. This is not only the influence and requirement of the world trend of human rights protection, but also the need of balancing the interests of all parties in criminal cases, and the inherent requirement of realizing the procedural justice contained in legal justice. Improving the rights of criminal victims, especially litigation rights, plays a vital role in effectively protecting the legitimate rights and interests of victims, alleviating social contradictions and maintaining good social order. A criminal victim is a person whose legitimate rights and interests have been damaged by a criminal act. There are different definitions of the litigation status of the victim in the two legal system countries. In our country, the criminal victim has the litigant status of the party, and giving the litigant status to the victim provides the basis for the victim to enjoy a wide range of litigation rights. The rights of criminal victims are very extensive, and their procedural rights only refer to their rights in the stages of filing, investigation, prosecution and trial of criminal proceedings. With the development of the protection of human rights in the world, the protection of criminal victims in our country has been developed for a long time, and now the victims have been given a wide range of litigation rights, and these procedural rights also have their theoretical basis to be protected. Although the Criminal procedure Law of our country has given many rights to the criminal victims, including the procedural rights, there are still some problems and deficiencies in the protection of the procedural rights of the victims, and there are some defects in the legal provisions of some procedural rights. There are also some litigation rights in practice in the implementation of weak. There are many reasons for these problems, including the impact of the traditional litigation structure, legislative technology and so on. From the point of view of foreign legislation, the criminal victim's right of action is protected more comprehensively. These relevant legal provisions have very important reference significance for perfecting the criminal victim's litigation right in our country. In view of the existing problems and the causes of the protection of criminal victims' procedural rights in our country, compared with some effective litigation rights systems in foreign countries, the author puts forward some suggestions to improve the legal rights of criminal victims. Including the establishment of the concept of protection of criminal victims and system construction to better protect the legitimate rights and interests of victims.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.2

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