证明力判断中的法官自由裁量权

发布时间：2018-08-07 21:27

【摘要】：在民事诉讼中,法官自由裁量权的行使主要体现在对案件事实的认定方面,其中便包括在对证据证明力判断时行使自由裁量权。随着社会经济各方面的多元化发展,民事诉讼呈现出案由纷杂多样的特点,案件待证事实有时会陷入证据不足、事实真伪不明的情况。在这种情形下,为了追求个案的公平正义,法官往往需要通过对双方已提交的证据在结合具体案件情况下进行证明力的判断,从而对某一方所主张的事实形成内心确信最终做出一方胜诉的判决。但是需要注意的是,法官对证明力的判断并不是想当然的依据个人的喜好肆意的主观判断,而是有证明标准的限制的。关于证明标准,虽然我国《关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定》、《关于适用中华人民共和国民事诉讼法的解释》中有相关的法律条文,但遗憾的是这些法律条文对证明标准的规定并不完善。只是提出了“高度盖然性”以及针对特定案由适用“排除合理怀疑”的证明标准,由于规定的抽象化与单一化,使得法官在对证明力判断时出现了由于认识不一、理解模糊,对证明标准的适用私自提高或降低的情况。为避免法官这些误用或滥用自由裁量权情况,在借鉴域外的立法现状的基础上,结合我国的司法现状提出自己的观点:确立证明标准的类型化即认定在民事诉讼中适用“排除合理怀疑”、“高度盖然性”“盖然性优势”的证明标准,以此来限制法官在证明力判断中的自由裁量权。
[Abstract]:In civil proceedings, the exercise of the judge's discretion is mainly reflected in the determination of the facts of the case, including the exercise of the discretion in the judgment of the evidentiary power. With the development of various aspects of social economy, civil litigation presents the characteristics of various cases, the facts to be proved will sometimes fall into the situation of insufficient evidence, the truth of facts is not clear. In such cases, in order to pursue fairness and justice in individual cases, judges often need to judge the probative power of the evidence submitted by both parties in the context of specific cases, Thus, the facts advocated by one of the parties form the inner conviction to make the final judgment in favour of one party. However, it should be noted that the judge's judgment on the power of proof is not based on arbitrary subjective judgment of personal preference, but limited by standard of proof. With regard to the standard of proof, although some provisions on evidence in civil proceedings in China and the interpretation of the application of the Civil procedure Law of the people's Republic of China contain relevant legal provisions, Unfortunately, these legal provisions on the standard of proof is not perfect. It only puts forward the proof standard of "high probability" and the application of "beyond reasonable doubt" to specific cases. As a result of the abstraction and simplification of the stipulation, the judge has different understanding and vague understanding in judging the power of proof. A situation in which the application of a standard of proof is improvedly raised or reduced. In order to avoid these cases of misuse or abuse of discretion by judges, on the basis of reference to the status quo of extraterritorial legislation, According to the present situation of our country's judicature, the author puts forward his own viewpoint: to establish the classification of proof standard, that is to say, to confirm that the proof standard of "beyond reasonable doubt", "high probability" and "advantage of probability" should be applied in civil action. In order to limit the judge's discretion in the judgment of the power of proof.
【学位授予单位】：太原科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D926.2

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