环境行政公益诉讼原告主体资格研究

发布时间：2018-08-19 10:58

【摘要】：环境保护在现代社会发展中越来越受到重视,行政机关作为环境公共利益的维护者具有环境保护的职责。但是,很多情况下行政机关的行政行为会损害环境公共利益,因此需要给予受害者诉讼救济的权利。确立环境行政公益诉讼原告主体资格是提起诉讼的开端,为了能够达到对政府违法行政行为提起控诉,有效的监督行政行为的目的,需要明确提起诉讼的原告主体资格。本文着眼对环境行政公益诉讼原告主体资格进行讨论。首先,文章通过介绍环境行政公益诉讼原告主体资格的相关的理论学说主要包含环境权理论、环境公共信托理论。将环境行政公益诉讼与环境民事诉讼做差异性的对比,得出主要是二者在主体地位方面的差异。其次,在立法方面主要分析我国行政诉讼法,而我国的行政诉讼法在提起环境行政公益诉讼方面主体资格限定过于严格,行政诉讼法对于原告资格认定坚持着法定权利标准,只有起诉人的实体法利益遭受侵害才能够提起司法救济,这并不涉及维护公共利益的保护机制。通过两个大气污染的具体案例,分析司法中原告主体资格认定的缺陷。笔者通过查阅资料发现国家认为:“由于人们对于目前我国的制度资源不够了解而产生的,对于大多数案件,可以在现行的行政诉讼法律体系中得到解决,只需部分法律规定进行修改完善。”得出新修改的《行政诉讼法》未明确环境行政公益原告主体资格的原因。最后通过借鉴法国的越权诉讼、日本的民众诉讼、美国的团体诉讼、印度的环境行政公益诉讼制度,得出我国在构建我国的环境行政公益诉讼方面需要坚持行政效率原则与司法保障原则,并提出我国在构建环境行政公益诉讼上要将原告主体资格扩大到公民、组织、检察机关。
[Abstract]:More and more attention has been paid to environmental protection in the development of modern society. Administrative organs, as defenders of environmental public interests, have the duty of environmental protection. However, in many cases, the administrative action of the administrative organ will harm the environmental public interest, so it is necessary to give the victim the right to litigate. To establish the subject qualification of plaintiff in environmental administrative public interest litigation is the beginning of litigation. In order to achieve the purpose of suing the illegal administrative act of government and to supervise the administrative act effectively, it is necessary to make clear the subject qualification of plaintiff who brings the lawsuit. This paper discusses the subject qualification of plaintiff in environmental administrative public interest litigation. Firstly, the article introduces the related theories of plaintiff's qualification in environmental administrative public interest litigation, including environmental right theory and environmental public trust theory. Comparing the difference between environmental administrative public interest litigation and environmental civil action, it is concluded that the main difference between them is the subject position. Secondly, in the aspect of legislation, it mainly analyzes the administrative procedure law of our country, and the administrative procedure law of our country is too strict in the qualification of the subject in bringing the environmental administrative public interest litigation. The administrative procedure law insists on the legal right standard for the qualification of the plaintiff. Only when the substantive law interests of the prosecutor are infringed can judicial remedy be brought, which is not related to the protection mechanism of the public interest. Through two specific cases of air pollution, this paper analyzes the defects of the plaintiff's qualification in the judicature. The author finds that the country thinks: "because people do not understand the current system resources of our country, for most cases, can be solved in the current legal system of administrative litigation," Only some of the legal provisions need to be modified and perfected. " The reasons why the environmental administrative public interest plaintiff's qualification is not clearly defined in the newly revised Administrative Litigation Law. Finally, by drawing lessons from the ultra vires litigation of France, the public litigation of Japan, the group action of the United States, and the environmental administrative public interest litigation system of India, It is concluded that our country should adhere to the principles of administrative efficiency and judicial protection in the construction of environmental administrative public interest litigation in our country, and put forward that our country should expand the qualification of plaintiff subject to citizens, organizations and procuratorial organs in the construction of environmental administrative public interest litigation.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.3

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