环境民事公益诉讼问题研究
发布时间：2018-08-25 16:22
【摘要】：改革开放以来，我们一直倡导以经济建设为中心。如今，我国的经济建设取得了飞速的发展，先污染后治理的错误观念带来的是日益严重的环境污染，环境污染与经济GDP的增长同向迅速的发展着。严重的雾霾污染、严重的水污染，达到了令人触目惊心的程度，给人民群众的生活带来了不便，同时也威胁着人民的生命、财产、健康。前几年发生的松花江水污染，沱江水污染等公害事业，已经在局部地区严重威胁着当地的居民。同时环境的污染也阻碍着经济的良性的发展。此时，，人民不得不开始重视环境保护，近期召开的两会，如何保护环境，治理雾霾天气是其主要议题。由于我国在环境保护的司法领域存在着严重的缺陷，也没有建立起环境民事公益诉讼制度，在保护环境公益方面存在着严重的法律盲区，对环境污染问题的处理，大多数都是行政罚款，环境迫害者往往承担较小的罚款代价，换来的是以牺牲环境的高额回报。社会和制度上的种种弊端，在一方面纵容着环境污染的存在，同时在另一方面也限制的人们保护环境的行动。因此如何在发展经济的同时保护好生态环境，构建人与自然的和谐社会，如何充分利用法律制度来维护好生态与经济的良性发展，如何建立一套完善的环境民事公益诉讼成为一项重要的课题。本文立足于我国的国情现状，分析环境公益诉讼的基本的概念，从环境权出发，阐述了我国建立环境民事公益诉讼的可行性和必要性，然后通过分析国外先进的环境公益诉讼制度例如美国的公民诉讼制度和欧洲的团体诉讼制度和一些国外发达国家的司法实践，结合于我国环境公益诉讼的公益诉讼在理念上的困境和我国关于环境公益诉讼制度立法上的缺陷，针对性的提出了一些如何建立完善我国环境民事公益诉讼，确定环境公益诉讼的范畴和环境权的确立时我国进行环境公益诉讼的前提，在诉讼主体，管辖法院，诉讼规则，诉讼费用上提出了一些制度构想，最后建议强法官的职业培训和防止滥诉制度来保证环境民事公益诉讼的良好运行。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, we have been advocating economic construction as the center. At present, the economic construction of our country has made rapid development, the misconception of pollution first and then control brings the increasingly serious environmental pollution, the environmental pollution and the economic GDP growth along with the rapid development. Serious haze pollution, serious water pollution, has reached a shocking level, to the people's life brought inconvenience, but also threatened the lives of the people, property, health. The pollution of Songhua River and Tuojiang River, which occurred a few years ago, has seriously threatened the local residents in some areas. At the same time, environmental pollution is also hindering the sound development of the economy. At this time, people have to start to pay attention to environmental protection, the recent two sessions, how to protect the environment, haze weather is the main issue. Because our country has serious defects in the judicial field of environmental protection, and has not established the environmental civil public interest litigation system, there are serious legal blind areas in the protection of environmental public welfare, and deal with the problem of environmental pollution. Most are administrative fines, and environmental persecutors tend to pay less, in return for high returns at the expense of the environment. Social and institutional malpractices connive at the existence of environmental pollution on the one hand, and on the other hand, restrict the actions of people to protect the environment. Therefore, how to protect the ecological environment while developing economy, how to construct a harmonious society between man and nature, how to make full use of legal system to maintain the benign development of ecology and economy, How to establish a set of perfect environmental civil public interest litigation has become an important subject. Based on the current situation of our country, this paper analyzes the basic concept of environmental public interest litigation, and expounds the feasibility and necessity of establishing environmental civil public interest litigation in China from the point of view of environmental right. Then, by analyzing the advanced environmental public interest litigation systems abroad, such as the citizen litigation system in the United States and the group action system in Europe and the judicial practice in some developed countries abroad, Combined with the predicament of the public interest litigation in our country and the defects in the legislation of our country's environmental public interest litigation system, this paper puts forward some suggestions on how to establish and perfect the environmental civil public interest litigation in our country. To determine the scope of environmental public interest litigation and the establishment of environmental rights, the premise of environmental public interest litigation in China, in the litigation subject, jurisdiction of the court, litigation rules, litigation costs put forward some system ideas, Finally, it is suggested that the professional training of judges and the system of prevention of overappeal should be carried out to ensure the good operation of environmental civil public interest litigation.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.68;D925.1
本文编号：2203452
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, we have been advocating economic construction as the center. At present, the economic construction of our country has made rapid development, the misconception of pollution first and then control brings the increasingly serious environmental pollution, the environmental pollution and the economic GDP growth along with the rapid development. Serious haze pollution, serious water pollution, has reached a shocking level, to the people's life brought inconvenience, but also threatened the lives of the people, property, health. The pollution of Songhua River and Tuojiang River, which occurred a few years ago, has seriously threatened the local residents in some areas. At the same time, environmental pollution is also hindering the sound development of the economy. At this time, people have to start to pay attention to environmental protection, the recent two sessions, how to protect the environment, haze weather is the main issue. Because our country has serious defects in the judicial field of environmental protection, and has not established the environmental civil public interest litigation system, there are serious legal blind areas in the protection of environmental public welfare, and deal with the problem of environmental pollution. Most are administrative fines, and environmental persecutors tend to pay less, in return for high returns at the expense of the environment. Social and institutional malpractices connive at the existence of environmental pollution on the one hand, and on the other hand, restrict the actions of people to protect the environment. Therefore, how to protect the ecological environment while developing economy, how to construct a harmonious society between man and nature, how to make full use of legal system to maintain the benign development of ecology and economy, How to establish a set of perfect environmental civil public interest litigation has become an important subject. Based on the current situation of our country, this paper analyzes the basic concept of environmental public interest litigation, and expounds the feasibility and necessity of establishing environmental civil public interest litigation in China from the point of view of environmental right. Then, by analyzing the advanced environmental public interest litigation systems abroad, such as the citizen litigation system in the United States and the group action system in Europe and the judicial practice in some developed countries abroad, Combined with the predicament of the public interest litigation in our country and the defects in the legislation of our country's environmental public interest litigation system, this paper puts forward some suggestions on how to establish and perfect the environmental civil public interest litigation in our country. To determine the scope of environmental public interest litigation and the establishment of environmental rights, the premise of environmental public interest litigation in China, in the litigation subject, jurisdiction of the court, litigation rules, litigation costs put forward some system ideas, Finally, it is suggested that the professional training of judges and the system of prevention of overappeal should be carried out to ensure the good operation of environmental civil public interest litigation.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.68;D925.1
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