刑事裁判证明体系解构
发布时间：2018-09-12 17:18
【摘要】：司法的对象是纠纷或社会矛盾,将纠纷或社会矛盾诉诸司法需要将纠纷或社会矛盾的真实情况呈现于司法机关面前,因此,事实呈现是纠纷主体首先面临并需首先解决的问题,也是司法机关了解案件的基础与一切裁判行为的前提条件。事实呈现是将已经消逝的,只在历史上的现实通过一定的方式与载体予以再现或者反映的行为。在司法范畴内,事实呈现的方式方法称之为司法证明。司法证明,概言之,就是以司法的方法解决司法上的事实证明问题。鉴于纠纷或社会矛盾的事实是司法活动的基础,是先于纠纷主体权利义务的原因条件,而司法证明是承载事实的根本性载体,因此司法证明是司法活动的基础因素。司法证明所要解决问题的重要性与复杂性决定了司法证明对司法裁判具有决定性作用。证据裁判为司法裁判毋庸置疑的奠基性原则,而司法证明是以证据裁判作为起点与终点,并贯穿始终的证明体系。本文仅以刑事裁判范畴之内的司法证明体系作为分析研究的对象,通过对证明体系中各证明要素的解析,尝试对证明体系的构建提供一种建设性学术方案,为司法证明的理论与实践提供行之有效的实用指引。实践是检验理论的试金石。司法证明是一门实实在在的应用学问,甚至称之为科学也是适当的,因为科学的本质在于方法,司法证据体系本身充分贯通了逻辑的辩证,更是以各种方法论作为指导司法活动的行为准则,因此称之为科学并不为过。本文的基本结构分为四个部分:第一部分为总论,主要对刑事裁判所面对的客观困境以及刑事裁判证明体系解构的重要性、急迫性予以探讨说明,并由此引出本文的主体部分,即是对证明体系采取实体与程序两分法的证明关系与证明程序。第二部分是证明关系,该部分主要借鉴法理学之中法律关系的理论范式,将证明关系划分为主体、客体与内容三大部分,并且在证明客体的内容之中提出一项创新性的观点,即是在我国证据法长期通行的证据能力三性(真实性、合法性、关联性)的基础上,提出了证明能力的三性:完整性(全面性)、逻辑性(科学性)、紧密性(距离性),这为我国证据理论与实践长期偏重证据能力而忽视证明能力提出了一种纠偏的思维与应用方案,其现实价值是为完善证据的证明力,增强证据证明力提供思维的引导。此外,第二部分内容对证据的种类也提出了创新性的理论,就是将证据分为人证、物证与具备人证与物证因素的“合证”作为证据的基本逻辑分类,该种分类兼顾了证据种类在学术理论之间的契合、理论与实践之间的契合。第三部分是证明程序,该部分通过司法证明的因果逻辑,时间顺序对整个证明程序予以安排,对目前的证明程序有所修正。第四部分是结论,即是在总结全文的基础上,提炼与升华本文的核心观点,将证明体系的理论深化作为推动司法活动发展的重要驱动力,旨在为司法理论与司法实践提供一种可行的方法论。
[Abstract]:The object of justice is disputes or social contradictions. Applying disputes or social contradictions to justice requires presenting the real situation of disputes or social contradictions before the judicial organs. Therefore, presenting facts is the first problem that the subject of disputes faces and needs to be solved first. It is also the basis for the judicial organs to understand the case and the prerequisite for all adjudicative actions. The presentation of facts is the act of reappearing or reflecting the disappeared facts only through certain means and carriers in history. In the judicial category, the presentation of facts is called judicial proof. In short, judicial proof is to solve the problem of judicial proof of facts by judicial means. In view of disputes or social spears. The fact of the shield is the basis of judicial activities and the cause condition of the rights and obligations of the subjects prior to the disputes, and judicial proof is the fundamental carrier of the facts, so judicial proof is the basic factor of judicial activities. Judicial adjudication is undoubtedly the foundational principle of judicial adjudication, and judicial proof is based on evidence adjudication as the starting point and end point, and throughout the proof system. Practice is the litmus test of theory. Judicial proof is a real applied knowledge, and even it is appropriate to call it science, because the essence of science lies in methods, and the judicial evidence system itself is fully integrated. The basic structure of this article is divided into four parts: the first part is the general introduction, mainly on the objective dilemma faced by criminal adjudication and the importance of deconstruction of criminal adjudication proof system, urgency to be discussed. The second part is the relationship of proof. This part mainly refers to the theoretical paradigm of legal relationship in jurisprudence, divides the relationship of proof into three parts: subject, object and content, and proves the object. In the content, an innovative viewpoint is put forward, that is, on the basis of the three properties (authenticity, legality and relevance) of the evidence ability that have been prevalent in China's evidence law for a long time, the three properties of the proof ability are put forward: completeness (comprehensiveness), logicality (scientificity) and closeness (distance). This is the reason why the theory and Practice of evidence in China have long emphasized the evidence ability. Ignoring the ability of proof, this paper puts forward a thinking and application scheme of rectifying deviation, whose realistic value is to provide guidance for perfecting the proof power of evidence and enhancing the proof power of evidence. The third part is the proof procedure, which arranges the whole proof procedure through the causal logic of judicial proof and time sequence, and amends the present proof procedure. The part is the conclusion, that is, on the basis of summarizing the full text, to refine and sublimate the core point of this article, and to deepen the theory of the proof system as an important driving force to promote the development of judicial activities, aiming to provide a feasible methodology for judicial theory and judicial practice.
【学位授予单位】：深圳大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.2
[Abstract]:The object of justice is disputes or social contradictions. Applying disputes or social contradictions to justice requires presenting the real situation of disputes or social contradictions before the judicial organs. Therefore, presenting facts is the first problem that the subject of disputes faces and needs to be solved first. It is also the basis for the judicial organs to understand the case and the prerequisite for all adjudicative actions. The presentation of facts is the act of reappearing or reflecting the disappeared facts only through certain means and carriers in history. In the judicial category, the presentation of facts is called judicial proof. In short, judicial proof is to solve the problem of judicial proof of facts by judicial means. In view of disputes or social spears. The fact of the shield is the basis of judicial activities and the cause condition of the rights and obligations of the subjects prior to the disputes, and judicial proof is the fundamental carrier of the facts, so judicial proof is the basic factor of judicial activities. Judicial adjudication is undoubtedly the foundational principle of judicial adjudication, and judicial proof is based on evidence adjudication as the starting point and end point, and throughout the proof system. Practice is the litmus test of theory. Judicial proof is a real applied knowledge, and even it is appropriate to call it science, because the essence of science lies in methods, and the judicial evidence system itself is fully integrated. The basic structure of this article is divided into four parts: the first part is the general introduction, mainly on the objective dilemma faced by criminal adjudication and the importance of deconstruction of criminal adjudication proof system, urgency to be discussed. The second part is the relationship of proof. This part mainly refers to the theoretical paradigm of legal relationship in jurisprudence, divides the relationship of proof into three parts: subject, object and content, and proves the object. In the content, an innovative viewpoint is put forward, that is, on the basis of the three properties (authenticity, legality and relevance) of the evidence ability that have been prevalent in China's evidence law for a long time, the three properties of the proof ability are put forward: completeness (comprehensiveness), logicality (scientificity) and closeness (distance). This is the reason why the theory and Practice of evidence in China have long emphasized the evidence ability. Ignoring the ability of proof, this paper puts forward a thinking and application scheme of rectifying deviation, whose realistic value is to provide guidance for perfecting the proof power of evidence and enhancing the proof power of evidence. The third part is the proof procedure, which arranges the whole proof procedure through the causal logic of judicial proof and time sequence, and amends the present proof procedure. The part is the conclusion, that is, on the basis of summarizing the full text, to refine and sublimate the core point of this article, and to deepen the theory of the proof system as an important driving force to promote the development of judicial activities, aiming to provide a feasible methodology for judicial theory and judicial practice.
【学位授予单位】：深圳大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.2
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