仲裁法强制性规定比较研究

发布时间：2018-09-15 19:00

【摘要】：仲裁法中的强制性规定划定了仲裁中当事人意思自治和仲裁庭自由裁量的空间,是各国仲裁法必不可少的一部分。但在仲裁中,应尽量尊重当事人的意思自治;只在那些不可退让的、关乎公共秩序和社会普遍利益的问题上,才应当做出不得由当事人协议变更的、强制性的规定。笔者对在世界范围内具有广泛影响的《纽约公约》、《示范法》、《英国仲裁法》,以及主要的国家和地区(包括法国、德国、我国大陆和香港地区等地)的仲裁法中的强制性规定进行比较研究,探讨仲裁的发展趋势和国际上对相关问题的普遍态度。有关仲裁协议的强制性规定主要涉及以下内容:在仲裁协议的内容方面,各国仲裁法都要求仲裁协议必须载明当事人对仲裁的合意,而我国《仲裁法》还将仲裁协议必须具有“选定的仲裁委员会”作为一项强制性规定。在仲裁事项方面,各国仲裁法已逐渐承认民事反垄断争议具有可仲裁性,但我国《仲裁法》仍未有体现。在仲裁协议的形式方面,各国仲裁法实质上已经突破了以《纽约公约》为基础建立起的对仲裁协议书面形式的苛刻要求,而代之以宽松的形式要求。在仲裁庭的组成方面,为保护双方当事人在仲裁程序中的平等地位以及得到仲裁庭的公正对待,各国仲裁法主要针对仲裁员必须具备独立性与(或)公正性,以及当事人对仲裁员提出异议的权利进行了强制性规定。各国仲裁法对仲裁程序的强制性规定则相对较少,其目的是为了在充分发挥仲裁灵活性优势的同时,保障当事人在公正的仲裁程序中得到平等对待,确保程序公正性得以实现。因此,该问题涉及到的强制性规定主要是:要求仲裁程序满足最低标准的正当程序标准和给予当事人平等待遇。有关临时措施的强制性规定主要涉及到仲裁程序中临时措施的决定权问题。各国仲裁法的普遍立法态度是对此问题不作强制性规定,在尊重当事人意思自治的大前提下,把发布临时措施的权力全部或部分地下发给仲裁庭。有关仲裁裁决的强制性规定主要涉及到裁决的制作、内容及形式要求。仲裁法都要求仲裁裁决须由多数或所有的仲裁庭成员签署,并载明签署日期。部分国家要求裁决必须写明裁决理由。除英国以外,各国都要求仲裁裁决必须是书面的。
[Abstract]:The mandatory provisions of arbitration law delimit the space of party autonomy and arbitration discretion in arbitration, which is an indispensable part of arbitration law in various countries. However, in arbitration, the autonomy of the parties should be respected as far as possible; only on those issues that cannot be ceded, and which concern the public order and the general interests of the society, should be made mandatory provisions which cannot be changed by agreement by the parties. The author is concerned about the New York Convention, the Model Law, the British Arbitration Law, and the major countries and regions (including France, Germany, etc.), which have a wide influence on the world. The compulsory provisions in the arbitration laws of mainland China and Hong Kong are compared, and the development trend of arbitration and the general attitude towards relevant issues in the world are discussed. Mandatory provisions relating to arbitration agreements relate mainly to the following: with regard to the content of the arbitration agreement, arbitration laws of all countries require that the arbitration agreement must state the parties' agreement to the arbitration. The Arbitration Law of our country also takes the arbitration agreement as a mandatory stipulation that the arbitration agreement must have a "selected arbitration commission". In the aspect of arbitration matters, the arbitration laws of various countries have gradually recognized the arbitrability of civil antitrust disputes, but the Arbitration Law of our country has not been embodied. In the aspect of the form of arbitration agreement, the arbitration law of various countries has actually broken through the harsh requirement on the written form of arbitration agreement established on the basis of "New York Convention", and replaced it with a loose form requirement. With regard to the composition of the arbitral tribunal, in order to protect the equal status of the parties in the arbitral proceedings and to be treated fairly by the arbitral tribunal, the arbitrators must be independent and / or impartial in their arbitration laws, And the right of the parties to challenge the arbitrator is mandatory. The compulsory provisions of arbitration law in various countries are relatively few. Its purpose is to ensure the parties to get equal treatment in the fair arbitration procedure while giving full play to the advantages of arbitration flexibility, and to ensure the realization of procedural fairness. Therefore, the mandatory provisions involved in this issue are mainly due process standards requiring arbitration proceedings to meet minimum standards and equal treatment of the parties. The mandatory provisions on interim measures mainly involve the decision of interim measures in arbitration proceedings. The general legislative attitude of arbitration law in various countries is not to make mandatory provisions on this issue and to issue the power of issuing interim measures underground to the arbitral tribunal in whole or in part on the premise of respecting the autonomy of the parties. The compulsory regulation of arbitration award mainly involves the making, content and form requirement of the award. Arbitration laws require that the arbitral award be signed by a majority or all members of the arbitral tribunal, with a date of signature. Some countries require the award to state the reasons for the award. With the exception of the United Kingdom, all countries require that the arbitral award be in writing.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.7

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