中国少年司法的传统土壤与近代萌生

发布时间：2018-09-15 20:16

【摘要】：生命的传承、家庭的梦想、民族的未来、国家的希望、人类的寄托,一切一切,莫不与那充满灵性而又顽劣不恭的少年有关。少年的重要价值,无论怎么强调都不为过。专以少年为处遇对象的少年司法,自1899年在美国诞生以来,坚持以少年健康成长和最大利益为本,理念先进,制度创新,让司法充满了人性的光辉,所以迅速风靡全球。清末修律与司法改革中,少年司法被介绍、引进中国,开始在以幼小犯罪赦宥制度为基础的传统文化土壤中萌芽、生长。中西文化的巨大差异,注定了其成长历程的艰辛:台湾少年司法承袭晚清与民国历史,至1999年高雄少年法院成立,前后历经近百年才走向成熟;在大陆,少年司法在1949年后进入新的历史起点,自1984年上海长宁区法院成立第一个少年法庭,经过30年的发展,现正遭遇瓶颈,理论体系、法律体系、组织体系、辅助体系都亟需有新的突破。本文认为,按照器物——制度——文化的基本逻辑,中国少年司法需要从当前的制度层面向文化层面迈进。通过发掘少年司法的历史,弘扬少年司法的文化,营造真正理解少年、理解少年司法的社会氛围,实现少年司法发展的跨越。本文通过探寻中国少年司法的传统文化以及少年司法在原生地美国的诞生历史,观察其在晚清中国被介绍、引进的萌生过程,梳理了中国传统法律文化与少年司法文化的暗合与冲突。在此基础上,为培育中国的少年司法文化,实现传统法律文化的转型,提出了自己的思考。全文共分六个部分。绪论部分主要介绍选题的由来与意义、研究的思路和方法、主要史料与参考文献、文中用语的界定以及本文的创新之处。在此部分,本文以现实问题为导向,提出了中国少年司法亟需从制度向文化跨越的论断,这是全文立论的基础。第一章主要发掘了中国少年司法的历史文化传统。按照法律规定、司法实践、文化背景的逻辑,对中国古代幼小犯罪赦宥制度进行了由表及里、由浅入深的立体式描述,尤其对于法律规定与司法实践间的巨大差异,予以了深入探析和解读,力图对中国少年司法的传统文化进行全面、准确的把握。第二章主要对少年司法进行了文化探源。简要回顾了少年司法在美国诞生的历史过程,并在此基础上对少年司法的基本特征以及社会文化背景、法律文化背景进行了概括。意在通过对少年司法原生地的文化探寻,真正理解少年司法的内在秉性与文化品格。第三章主要再现了晚清时期中国对少年司法制度的介绍引进过程,从少年观念、少年司法制度与理论、晚清修律改革的实践几个层面来逐步展开,体现了晚清社会对少年司法从感到新奇到自我反省,再到着力实践的心理路程。修律中的争执,反应了晚清社会的心理纠结,也是中西文化碰撞的必然结果。第四章在前文三章基本史实的基础上,对中国传统法律文化与少年司法文化的冲突与暗合进行了总结梳理,以期为少年司法的中国化及其内在调适找准基点和方向。结论部分对民国以来少年司法发展进行了展望,并提出,培育中国少年司法文化,需要对国家与民众、秩序与自由、成人与少年等基本关系进行重新思考和调整,从而构建以以人为本为理念,以少年健康成长为目标,以国家责任为保障的少年司法文化。
[Abstract]:The inheritance of life, the dream of the family, the future of the nation, the hope of the nation, the sustenance of mankind, and all things are related to the spiritual and irreverent youth. The important value of juveniles can not be overemphasized. Juvenile justice, which deals exclusively with juveniles, has adhered to juvenile health since its birth in the United States in 1899. In the late Qing Dynasty, juvenile justice was introduced into China and began to sprout and grow in the soil of traditional culture based on the amnesty system for juvenile delinquency. The juvenile justice in Taiwan inherited the history of the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, until the establishment of the Kaohsiung Juvenile Court in 1999, it took nearly a hundred years to mature; in the mainland, juvenile justice entered a new historical starting point after 1949, since the establishment of the first juvenile court in Shanghai Changning District Court in 1984, after 30 years of development, is now encountering. Bottleneck, theoretical system, legal system, organizational system and auxiliary system are all in urgent need of new breakthroughs. According to the basic logic of the object-system-culture, China's juvenile justice needs to move forward from the current system level to the cultural level. Through exploring the history of juvenile justice, promoting juvenile justice culture and creating a real understanding. By exploring the traditional culture of juvenile justice in China and the birth history of juvenile justice in the United States of origin, this paper observes the process of its introduction and introduction in late Qing Dynasty, and combs out the coherence between traditional Chinese legal culture and juvenile justice culture. On this basis, in order to cultivate China's juvenile justice culture and realize the transformation of traditional legal culture, the author puts forward his own thinking. The full text is divided into six parts. In this part, the author puts forward the conclusion that juvenile justice in China urgently needs to leapfrog from system to culture, which is the basis of the whole thesis.The first chapter mainly explores the historical and cultural tradition of juvenile justice in China.According to the law, judicial practice and the logic of cultural background, the system of amnesty for juvenile delinquency in ancient China is advanced. The second chapter mainly explores the cultural origin of juvenile justice in the United States and briefly reviews the juvenile justice in the United States. On the basis of the historical process of its birth, this paper summarizes the basic characteristics of juvenile justice, its social and cultural background, and its legal and cultural background. The process of introducing and introducing juvenile justice is gradually developed from the aspects of juvenile concept, juvenile justice system and theory, and the practice of law-revising reform in the late Qing Dynasty. It reflects the psychological journey of juvenile justice in the late Qing Dynasty from novelty to self-introspection, and then to practice. On the basis of the basic historical facts in the previous three chapters, the fourth chapter summarizes and combs the conflict and coherence between the traditional Chinese legal culture and juvenile justice culture in order to find the basis and direction for the Sinicization of juvenile justice and its internal adjustment. In order to cultivate Chinese juvenile justice culture, it is necessary to reconsider and adjust the basic relations between the state and the people, order and freedom, and between adults and juveniles, so as to construct a juvenile justice culture with the people-oriented concept, the healthy growth of juveniles as the goal and the state responsibility as the guarantee.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D929;D926

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