刑事诉讼程序中的司法精神病鉴定问题研究

发布时间：2018-09-17 07:28

【摘要】：从刑事法律角度来看,刑事责任能力是行为人承担刑事责任的前提,精神病人的刑事责任能力大小及程度影响着其刑事责任的承担。我国《刑法》第十八条规定：“精神病人在不能辨认或者不能控制自己行为的时候造成危害结果,经法定程序鉴定确认的,不负刑事责任,但是应当责令他的家属或者监护人严加看管和医疗；在必要的时候,由政府强制医疗。”对精神病人进行强制治疗,既是对实施了危害社会行为的精神病人的人文关怀,同时也是对其实施的非刑罚强制措施。事关公民人身自由,应当慎重为之。而司法精神病鉴定程序,作为精神病人强制医疗启动程序的前置程序,与对精神病人实施强制医疗的启动程序有着密切的联系。一方面,司法精神病鉴定程序是在启动精神病人强制医疗程序之前必经的一个前置程序,其对判定行为人是否真正有精神障碍,是否真的不具有刑事责任能力等起到了至关重要的作用,可以对精神病人实施强制医疗程序的启动是以司法精神病鉴定程序的提起为开端的。另一方面,对精神病人实施强制医疗的程序和司法精神病鉴定程序又是两个相互独立的程序,分别有着自己一整套运行机制,司法精神病鉴定程序从属和依附于精神病人强制医疗程序。近些年来发生了一系列具有重大社会影响的案件,如药家鑫案、邱兴华案等,都涉及疑似精神病患实施犯罪的问题。特别是邱兴华案所引起的争论可谓是前所未有的。同时因为对实施了危害社会的精神病人实施强制医疗是刑法修改后才有的规范,司法实践中经验并不充分,特别是近些年困扰实务界的所谓上访人员被精神病问题,都是值得深思的问题。因此,对司法精神病鉴定程序进行研究是很有其必要性的。本文就司法精神病鉴定程序等若干问题作一个的探究,以期在此基础上能更好地研究精神病人刑事责任能力和精神病人强制医疗的启动程序。本文除引言和结语外,共分为四章。本文在引言部分介绍了本课题的提出,本课题的研究现状以及研究的目的和意义,研究的思路。第一章论述了司法精神病鉴定的概念、特征及重要意义。明确了文章的写作主题,阐明了本文写作的意义与价值,为下文建立理论基础。第二章论述了司法精神病鉴定程序的启动制度,详细介绍了我国关于启动司法精神病鉴定制度的有关规定,深入分析了我国现行司法精神病鉴定启动制度存在的不足,并针对性地提出了完善建议。第三章论述了司法精神病鉴定程序中的鉴定机构与鉴定人。对司法精神病鉴定的鉴定人制度进行了评析并提出了完善司法清神病鉴定之鉴定人制度的构想。第四章写司法精神病鉴定的内容及鉴定意见的形成,阐述了司法精神病鉴定意见的形成及效力。并分别论述了在普通刑事诉讼程序中和精神病强制医疗程序中司法精神病鉴定意见的形成及司法精神病鉴定意见在这两个不同程疗中的价值差异。文章的结语部分中就在我国建立司法辅助人制度提出了思考。
[Abstract]:From the point of view of criminal law, criminal responsibility ability is the premise of criminal responsibility. The criminal responsibility ability and degree of mental patients affect their criminal responsibility. If a psychiatric patient is confirmed by a fixed-procedure appraisal, he shall not bear criminal responsibility, but his family members or guardians shall be ordered to take strict care of him and give medical treatment; when necessary, the government shall compel medical treatment. "Compulsory treatment of psychiatric patients is not only humanistic care for the psychiatric patient who has committed harmful social acts, but also a strong non-penalty for him or her. The procedure of forensic psychiatric expertise, as the pre-procedure of compulsory medical start-up for psychiatric patients, is closely related to the procedure of compulsory medical start-up for psychiatric patients. On the one hand, the procedure of forensic psychiatric expertise is to start compulsory medical procedures for psychiatric patients. A pre-procedure that must be passed before is of vital importance in determining whether the perpetrator has genuine mental disorder and whether he really does not have the capacity of criminal responsibility. The initiation of compulsory medical procedures for psychiatric patients starts with the initiation of forensic psychiatric expertise procedures. On the other hand, it is strong for psychiatric patients. The procedure of medical system and the procedure of forensic psychiatric expertise are two independent procedures, each with its own set of operating mechanism, and the procedure of forensic psychiatric expertise is subordinate to and dependent on the compulsory medical procedure for psychiatric patients. It is an unprecedented controversy concerning suspected psychiatric patients committing crimes, especially the Qiu Xinghua case. At the same time, because compulsory medical treatment for psychiatric patients who endanger the society is a norm after the amendment of the Criminal Law, the experience in judicial practice is not sufficient, especially the so-called petitioners who have troubled the practical circles in recent years. Therefore, it is necessary to study the procedure of forensic psychiatric expertise. In this paper, we will make a study of the procedure of forensic psychiatric expertise in order to better study the criminal responsibility of psychiatric patients and the initiation of compulsory medical treatment for psychiatric patients. This article is divided into four chapters besides the introduction and conclusion. In the introduction part, this paper introduces the proposition of this topic, the present research situation, the purpose and significance of this topic, and the research train of thought. The first chapter discusses the concept, characteristics and significance of forensic psychiatric expertise. The second chapter discusses the start-up system of forensic psychiatric expertise procedure, introduces in detail the relevant provisions on the start-up of forensic psychiatric expertise system in China, analyzes in depth the shortcomings of the current start-up system of forensic psychiatric expertise in China, and puts forward suggestions for improvement. Chapter three discusses the appraisal institutions and appraisers in the procedure of forensic psychiatric expertise. The appraiser system of forensic psychiatric expertise is evaluated and analyzed, and the idea of perfecting the appraiser system of forensic psychiatric expertise is put forward. Chapter four describes the content of forensic psychiatric expertise and the formation of appraisal opinions, and expounds the meaning of fore It also discusses the formation of forensic psychiatric expertise and the value difference of forensic psychiatric expertise in the two different courses of treatment in the ordinary criminal procedure and compulsory psychiatric medical procedure.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.2

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