刑事审判变更管辖制度研究

发布时间：2018-10-08 18:06

【摘要】：刑事诉讼中的审判管辖是指人民法院进行刑事案件第一审活动的职权范围,不仅包括不同级别的人民法院之间审判权限的划分,还包括同级人民法院之间以及专门法院与普通法院之间审判权限上的划分。所以说,审判管辖制度所解决的问题就是,当一个刑事案件发生后,在经过侦查阶段和起诉阶段后,具体承办该案件一审活动的法院到底是哪一个。审判管辖作为刑事审判活动的开端,对于整个刑事诉讼活动有着极为重要的意义。我国的刑事诉讼法定管辖制度通过级别和地域来确定第一审法院,在通常情况下,这样的方式可以很合理地分配案件的承办法院。但是在有些特殊情况下,由原本法定管辖的法院审理该案会导致案件无法得到公平公正的审理或者严重影响司法效率,那么这时候就需要进行变通处理,而这也正是设立变更管辖制度的目的。纵观世界范围内的刑事诉讼制度,许多发达国家的变更管辖制度都已经相当完善,而我国目前的变更管辖制度依旧有很多缺陷和不足。这其中包括刑事诉讼法的相关规定不够详实,可操作性不强,也包括缺少进一步细化的司法解释。因此刑事审判变更管辖制度需要进一步完善。本文通过查阅相关文献以及分析具体典型案件的基础上,对于现行的变更管辖制度所存在的问题进行了分析,对于完善我国刑事审判变更管辖制度提出了自己的设想与建议。首先,变更管辖是指在特殊情况下对原有的法定管辖制度的突破,将原本属于法定管辖法院审理的一审案件通过法定程序转移到另一法院审判的一种制度,其本质属于刑事案件一审管辖权的再分配。从地位上来说变更管辖制度是法定管辖制度的变通和补充。变更管辖制度是对回避制度的必要补充,在保障司法公正,保障人权方面发挥着重要的作用。其次,适用变更管辖制度所考量的因素也是多种多样的。变更管辖中我们主要会考虑案件的性质和影响、案件的审判环境、既定的侦查管辖以及审判能力和司法资源。在面临这些特殊情况时,原本的法定管辖很难保证审判者处于不偏不倚的位置,因此我们需要变更既定管辖,让案件的审判在一个客观公正的环境下进行。再次,变更管辖制度虽然在实践中发挥着非常重要的作用,但是其缺陷和不足也是十分明显的。其中提级管辖行政色彩过于浓郁、各地适用把控不一因而导致司法效率的降低和司法资源的浪费。而指定管辖缺陷也十分明显,缺少当事人参与、适用类型单一、与侦察管辖关系不明确以及指定理由不明确等问题也亟待解决。这些问题一方面是由于刑诉法相关法条规定过于模糊,另一方面也是由于缺少详细的司法解释所造成的。最后,从保证司法公正和保障人权为核心,采取立法的方式,完善和细化现有制度中模糊不清的地方。针对变更管辖制度在司法实践中暴露出来的缺陷和问题,做出完善和修改,修改与宪法精神不符的条款、明确侦查管辖和审判管辖的关系、明细启动变更管辖的条件、重构变更管辖的启动模式、保障辩护人参与等方面提出了自己的意见,并且分别从控方角度和辩方角度思考,完善其参与指定管辖程序的权利,建立相对应的救济程序,更好地发挥变更管辖的作用。
[Abstract]:The jurisdiction of trial in criminal proceedings refers to the jurisdiction of the people's court for the first instance of the criminal case, not only the division of the jurisdiction between the people's courts of different levels, but also the division between the people's courts at the same level and between the special courts and ordinary courts. Therefore, the problem to be solved by the trial jurisdiction is that, when a criminal case has occurred, which one of the courts of the first instance of the case is specifically undertaken following the investigation and prosecution stages. As the beginning of criminal trial activity, trial jurisdiction is of great significance to the whole criminal lawsuit activity. The jurisdiction system of the Criminal Procedure Law of our country determines the first instance court by level and region, in which case the court of the case can be allocated reasonably in such a way. However, in some exceptional cases, the trial of the case by a court otherwise governed would lead to a fair and impartial hearing or a serious impact on the efficiency of the judiciary, which would then need to be dealt with, which was the purpose of the establishment of a change jurisdiction. Throughout the world, the change jurisdiction system of many developed countries has been perfect, and there are still many defects and deficiencies in our country's current change jurisdiction system. Among them, the relevant provisions of the Criminal Procedure Law are not sufficiently detailed, the operability is not strong, and the lack of further detailed judicial interpretation is also included. Therefore, the criminal trial change jurisdiction system needs to be further improved. On the basis of consulting relevant literature and analyzing the specific typical cases, this paper analyzes the problems existing in the existing change jurisdiction system, and puts forward its own ideas and suggestions for perfecting the jurisdiction system of criminal trial change in our country. First, the change jurisdiction refers to a system which transfers the original first instance case to another court through legal procedure under special circumstances, which is the redistribution of the jurisdiction of the first instance of the criminal case. In terms of status, the change of jurisdiction system is the modification and supplement of the statutory jurisdiction system. The change jurisdiction system is the necessary supplement to the avoidance system, and plays an important role in safeguarding the judicial justice and protecting human rights. Secondly, the factors that govern the application of the governing system are also varied. We mainly consider the nature and impact of the case, the trial environment of the case, the established investigative jurisdiction and the judicial capacity and the judicial resources. In the face of these special circumstances, the original statutory jurisdiction is very difficult to ensure that the judges are in an impartial position, and therefore we need to change the established jurisdiction to allow the trial of the case to proceed in an objective and impartial environment. Once again, the change jurisdiction system plays a very important role in practice, but its defects and deficiencies are also very obvious. Among them, the administrative color of the hierarchical jurisdiction is too strong, and it is applicable to the reduction of the judicial efficiency and the waste of judicial resources in various places. It is also obvious that the designated jurisdiction defect is also very obvious, the lack of participation of the parties, the single application type, the ambiguity of the relationship between the reconnaissance jurisdiction and the unclear reasons are also required to be solved. These problems, on the one hand, are too vague as a result of the law-related law, and on the other hand, due to the lack of detailed judicial interpretation. Finally, from guaranteeing the judicial justice and guaranteeing human rights as the core, adopting the mode of legislation, perfecting and refining the obscure places in the existing system. aiming at the defects and problems that the change jurisdiction system is exposed in the judicial practice, perfecting and modifying, modifying the articles inconsistent with the constitution spirit, defining the relation between the jurisdiction of the investigation and the jurisdiction, the conditions for initiating the change jurisdiction, and reconstructing the starting mode of the change jurisdiction, In order to guarantee the participation of defenders, the author puts forward his own opinions, and thinks from the angle of the prosecution and the defense angle, perfect the right to participate in the designated jurisdictional procedure, establish the corresponding relief procedure, and play a better role in the change jurisdiction.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2018
【分类号】：D925.2

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