无讼、厌讼与抑讼——对中国传统诉讼文化的法社会学分析

发布时间：2018-10-16 12:54

【摘要】："无讼"是古代国家精英不懈追求的社会理想。为实现这一理想,中国传统社会存在非制度化、制度化和半制度化等三种抑制诉讼的途径。非制度化抑讼途径方面,国家精英在通过多种方式进行道德感化、劝民息讼的同时,也努力营造"为讼有害"的社会舆论,以增加诉讼的道德成本。制度化抑讼途径方面,中国传统社会的诉讼制度通过限制诉讼主体和诉讼时限以增加民众提起诉讼的难度,使诉讼不是人人、时时、事事都可采用的手段。半制度化抑讼途径方面,以乡里调处、宗族调处为代表的民间调处在明清时期已形成系统规范,并被纳入国家司法体系之中,在纠纷解决中扮演重要角色。虽然历史上抑讼力度有大小之差别,但"抑讼"仍然是中国传统诉讼文化的主要特征。
[Abstract]:"No lawsuit" is the social ideal pursued unremitting by the elite of ancient countries. In order to realize this ideal, there are three ways to restrain litigation in Chinese traditional society: non-institutionalized, institutionalized and semi-institutionalized. As for the non-institutionalized ways of restraining litigation, the national elite tries hard to create public opinion "harmful to litigation" in order to increase the moral cost of litigation. In the aspect of the ways of institutionalizing the suppression of litigation, the litigation system in the traditional Chinese society makes it more difficult for the public to file a lawsuit by restricting the main body and the time limit of the litigation, making the lawsuit not everyone, always, can be used in everything. In the aspect of the semi-institutionalized ways of restraining litigation, the folk mediation, represented by rural mediation and clan mediation, had formed a systematic norm in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and had been brought into the national judicial system and played an important role in the dispute resolution. Although the degree of restraining litigation varies in history, it is still the main characteristic of Chinese traditional litigation culture.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学社会与人口学院;
【基金】：2011年教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“传统文化与现代法治”(11JJD840005)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D925

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