小额诉讼救济制度研究

发布时间：2018-11-06 21:21

【摘要】：虽然，小额诉讼程序适用于标的额较小的简单民事案件。但是在客观上，其审理活动同样会存在法律适用错误或者程序违法的情形。我国《民事诉讼法》仅规定对小额诉讼实行一审终审，并未对其设置救济程序。从当事人权利保障以及纠纷解决的角度来看，有必要为小额诉讼程序设置与其程序特点相适应的的救济制度。本文试图从小额诉讼救济制度的基础理论入手，在借鉴国外小额诉讼救济制度有益成果的基础上，结合我国相关救济制度的立法现状，分析不同救济主张在我国的可行性，提出我国小额诉讼救济制度构建的具体构想。本文除了引言和结语外，总共分为五个部分，各部分的具体内容如下：第一部分为小额诉讼救济制度概述。该部分是全文的理论基础，首先介绍了小额诉讼救济制度的概念，对小额诉讼救济涵盖的范围进行了界定，它不仅包括对法院不当裁判的救济，而且还包含了小额程序适用错误时的救济；接着分析了为小额诉讼设置救济程序的必要性及其价值；最后提出了构建小额诉讼救济制度时应遵循的原则，为小额诉讼救济制度的构建提供价值指引。第二部分为小额诉讼救济制度的域外法考察。从比较法的角度，，介绍了英、美、日等国家和地区关于小额诉讼救济制度的立法概况，对动议、特殊上诉、裁判异议、复核以及程序转换制度做了详细阐述，为我国小额诉讼救济制度的构建做铺垫。第三部分为我国小额诉讼救济制度的立法现状。该部分对我国《民事诉讼法》以及各地高院关于小额诉讼的实施意见中有关小额诉讼救济的规定进行了阐述，并对现有规定存在的问题进行了剖析。第四部分为我国小额诉讼救济制度的理论主张。该部分对我国关于小额诉讼救济制度的几种理论主张进行了论述，对特殊上诉、再审、复议以及裁判异议制度在我国实施的可行性进行了论证。第五部分为我国小额诉讼救济制度的具体构建。该部分进一步对我国小额诉讼救济制度的具体构建提出笔者的观点和建议。首先介绍了裁判异议制度的具体构建，包括异议申请的条件、管辖法院、审理程序、期间、异议后的处理；接着介绍了小额诉讼程序转换制度的具体构建，内容涉及了小额诉讼程序应向何种程序转换、程序转换的方式、期间及程序转换后之前诉讼行为的效力问题；最后介绍了小额诉讼再审程序的具体构建，主要包括再审的启动及受理、再审的审理程序、裁判异议制度与再审的衔接。
[Abstract]:Although, small-sum proceedings apply to simple civil cases where the target amount is small. But objectively, the trial activities will also have the situation of law application error or illegal procedure. The Civil procedure Law of our country only provides the first instance final instance to the small lawsuit, does not set up the relief procedure to it. From the point of view of the protection of the rights of the parties and the settlement of disputes, it is necessary to set up a relief system suitable to the characteristics of the small claims procedure. This article attempts to start with the basic theory of the small claims relief system, on the basis of drawing lessons from the beneficial achievements of the foreign small claims relief system, and combining with the current legislative situation of the relevant relief systems in our country, analyzes the feasibility of different relief claims in our country. This paper puts forward the concrete conception of the construction of the relief system of small claims in our country. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper is divided into five parts, the specific contents of each part are as follows: the first part is a summary of the small claims relief system. This part is the theoretical basis of the full text, first introduced the concept of small claims relief system, the scope of small claims relief is defined, it not only includes the relief of improper court decisions, And it also includes the relief of the application error of the small program; Then it analyzes the necessity and value of setting up relief procedure for small claims, and finally puts forward the principles that should be followed when constructing the relief system of small claims, which provides value guidance for the construction of relief system of small claims. The second part is the investigation of the extraterritorial law of the relief system of minor action. From the perspective of comparative law, this paper introduces the legislative overview of the small claims relief system in Britain, the United States, Japan and other countries and regions, and expounds in detail the motions, special appeals, adjudicative objections, review and procedural transformation systems. For our country minor lawsuit relief system construction makes the cushion. The third part is the current legislative situation of the relief system of small claims in our country. In this part, the author expounds the provisions of the Civil procedure Law of our country and the opinions of the higher courts on the implementation of the small amount litigation, and analyzes the problems existing in the existing provisions. The fourth part is the theoretical proposition of the relief system of small claims in our country. In this part, the author discusses several theories about the relief system of small claims in China, and proves the feasibility of implementing the system of special appeal, retrial, reconsideration and adjudication dissent in our country. The fifth part is the concrete construction of the relief system in our country. This part further puts forward the author's views and suggestions on the concrete construction of the small claims relief system in our country. Firstly, it introduces the concrete construction of the system, including the conditions of the objection application, the jurisdiction of the court, the trial procedure, the period, and the handling after the objection; Then it introduces the specific construction of the small claims procedure conversion system, which involves the small claims procedure should be changed to the procedure, the way of the procedure change, the period and the procedure before the procedure conversion of the effectiveness of the action; At last, it introduces the concrete construction of the retrial procedure, including the initiation and acceptance of the retrial, the trial procedure of the retrial, and the connection between the system of dissent and the retrial.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.1

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