论刑事诉讼中私人违法取得证据之证据能力

发布时间：2018-12-08 08:12

【摘要】：刑事诉讼中私人违法取证是一种客观存在的现象,从证据法的角度来说,需要考虑私人违法取得证据之证据能力问题。从规范角度而言,我国立法对此问题并无规定。从理论上来说,学界对这一问题有不同的主张,有观点认为,私人违法取得证据原则上不予排除,只有在个别极端的情况下才应当予以排除;有观点则认为,应当区分辩方证据与控方证据,对于辩方证据不适用非法证据排除规则;还有观点认为,应当以权衡理论为基础,建立一种分类排除机制。我们认为,欲解决私人违法取得证据之证据能力问题,首先需要区分辩护证据与控诉证据,私人违法取得之辩护证据可以作为证据使用,而对于控诉证据,则需要在打击犯罪与保障人权之间寻求合理的平衡,具体则可以从证据种类与取证方法两个角度予以分析。
[Abstract]:Private illegal evidence collection is an objective phenomenon in criminal proceedings. From the point of view of evidence law, it is necessary to consider the evidence ability of private illegal obtaining evidence. From a normative point of view, our legislation does not provide for this issue. In theory, scholars have different opinions on this issue, some hold that private illegal evidence in principle can not be excluded, only in individual extreme cases should be excluded; There is a view that the defense evidence should be distinguished from the prosecution evidence, and the exclusion rule of illegal evidence should not be applied to the defense evidence, and that a classification exclusion mechanism should be established on the basis of the trade-off theory. In our opinion, in order to solve the problem of the ability of private individuals to obtain evidence illegally, we first need to distinguish between defense evidence and indictment evidence. The defense evidence obtained by private individuals illegally can be used as evidence. It is necessary to strike a reasonable balance between fighting crime and protecting human rights, which can be analyzed from two angles: the type of evidence and the method of obtaining evidence.
【作者单位】：西南政法大学;
【基金】：司法部国家法治与法学理论研究项目《讯问录音录像理论及实践问题研究》(14SFB30022) 安徽省哲学社会科学规划项目《新刑事诉讼法中的证人作证制度立法和实施问题研究》(AHSK11-12D228)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D925.2

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