论环境民事公益诉讼目的及其解释适用——以“常州毒地”公益诉讼案一审判决为切入点

发布时间：2018-12-28 10:43

【摘要】：随着生态环境压力的不断增长,环境民事公益诉讼已经成环境公共利益救济体系中不可或缺的组成部分。环境民事公益诉讼目的是实施环境民事公益诉讼活动、正确解释适用法律的指引,准确把握其目的是人民法院做出公正判决的根本保障。"常州毒地"一审判决所暴露出的问题,反映了一审对环境民事公益诉讼目的把握的偏差。环境民事公益诉讼是在环境公益诉讼二分结构下,对环境公共利益进行司法救济的具体制度形态,其在整体环境公共利益救济体系中的地位及其对环境公共利益损害的救济方式,体现了环境民事公益诉讼的双重目的——第一重目的:消除环境公共利益损害;第二重目的:公平合理地配置因环境公共利益损害而产生的成本,双重目的之间密切相关、相互依存、缺一不可。为保证在未来环境民事公益诉讼案件中,法律解释适用的准确适当,须以环境公益诉讼二分论为逻辑起点;分别从环境民事公益诉讼制度定位的外部视角和环境民事公益诉讼救济手段的内部视角,厘定环境民事公益诉讼目的;并最终阐释其对案件裁判中法律解释适用的影响,借助目的解释方法,根据环境民事公益诉讼救济环境公共利益的不同环节。以有效性为视角,构建具体的解释适用规则:第一,在评估损害状况环节以科学性为解释标准;第二,在确定救济方案环节以契合性和合理性为解释标准;第三,实施救济行为环节中以及时性为解释标准;第四,在核算损害成本环节以价值合理性为解释标准:第五,在配置损害成本环节以公平性为解释标准。
[Abstract]:With the increasing pressure of ecological environment, environmental civil public interest litigation has become an indispensable part of environmental public interest relief system. The purpose of environmental civil public interest litigation is to carry out environmental civil public welfare litigation, correctly interpret the guidance of applicable law, and accurately grasp its purpose is the fundamental guarantee for the people's court to make a just judgment. " The problems exposed in the judgment of first instance reflect the deviation of the first instance in grasping the purpose of environmental civil public interest litigation. Environmental civil public interest litigation is a specific institutional form of judicial relief to environmental public interest under the dual structure of environmental public interest litigation. Its position in the whole environmental public interest relief system and its relief ways to the environmental public interest damage reflect the dual purpose of environmental civil public interest litigation-the first objective: to eliminate the environmental public interest damage; The second purpose: fair and reasonable allocation of the costs arising from environmental public interest damage, the dual purposes are closely related, interdependent, indispensable. In order to ensure that the application of legal interpretation in future environmental civil public interest litigation cases is accurate and appropriate, it is necessary to take the dichotomy of environmental public interest litigation as the logical starting point. The purpose of environmental civil public interest litigation is determined from the external perspective of environmental civil public interest litigation system and the internal visual angle of relief means of environmental civil public interest litigation. Finally, it explains its influence on the application of legal interpretation in the adjudication of cases, with the help of the method of purpose interpretation, according to the different links of environmental public interest relief in environmental civil public interest litigation. From the perspective of effectiveness, this paper constructs specific rules of interpretation: first, the scientific nature is the standard of interpretation in the evaluation of damage situation; second, in determining the relief scheme, the conformity and reasonableness are taken as the interpretation standards. Third, in the implementation of relief behavior link to the timeliness as the interpretation standard; fourth, in the accounting damage cost link to the value rationality as the interpretation standard; fifthly, in the allocation damage cost link to take the fairness as the explanation standard.
【作者单位】：西南政法大学经济法学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金一般项目“我国环保产业发展的制度困境与法律对策研究”(批准号:16BFX147) 教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“生态环境损害责任追究制度研究”(批准号:15JJD820007) 重庆市研究生科研创新项目“环境公众监督权诉讼保障制度研究”(批准号:CYB16079)
【分类号】：D925.1

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