论我国民事诉讼集中审理模式之建构

发布时间：2019-01-06 11:11

【摘要】：民事诉讼集中审理模式起源于英美法系,其诉讼结构呈现出审前程序与庭审明确分立的二阶段化特征。与此相对应,大陆法系国家民事诉讼实行的是并行审理模式,这种模式没有明确的二阶段的划分。随着经济社会的发展,民事诉讼案件数量激增。由于准备程序的缺失以及奉行“随时提出主义”,并行审理模式的弊端逐渐显露。因此,大陆法系的代表性国家,德国和日本开始借鉴集中审理模式对原有的并行审理模式进行改革,其诉讼结构也呈现出审前程序与庭审分立的特征。德日的改革取得了较好的效果。我国民事诉讼法律制度受德日两国影响较深,因此形成了事实上的并行审理模式,造成了诉讼效率低下等问题。在加上诉讼费用的事实上降低以及立案登记制度的不成熟,造成了大量民事纠纷涌向法院,使得原本就十分紧张的司法资源更加捉襟见肘。为此,必须对现有的并行审理模式进行变革,促进审判集中以提升司法效率。改革现有审判方式,要在吸收英美法系以及德日改革经验措施的同时,充分利用当前司法体制改革提供的助力和基层法院的实践经验。改革的重点是建立独立性的审前准备程序和庭审方式变革。庭审方式改革的核心则是改变目前法庭调查与法庭辩论分步进行的做法,使二者合并同步进行,同时强化法官释明权的行使。改革的目的在于促进庭审的实质化,推动“以审判为中心”的诉讼制度的建设。
[Abstract]:The mode of centralized trial of civil action originates from the common law system, and its litigation structure is characterized by a clear separation between the pretrial procedure and the trial. Corresponding to this, civil litigation in civil law system is implemented in parallel trial mode, which has no clear two-stage division. With the development of economy and society, the number of civil litigation cases has increased sharply. Due to the lack of preparatory procedure and the practice of "at any time", the malpractice of parallel trial mode is gradually revealed. Therefore, the representative countries of the continental law system, Germany and Japan, began to use the centralized trial mode for reference to reform the original parallel trial mode, and its litigation structure also showed the characteristics of the separation of pretrial procedure and trial. The reform of Germany and Japan has achieved good results. The legal system of civil procedure in our country is deeply influenced by Germany and Japan, so it has formed a de facto parallel trial mode, resulting in the inefficiency of litigation and so on. In addition to the fact of the lower costs of litigation and the immature registration system, a large number of civil disputes rushed to the court, making the already very tight judicial resources more stretched. Therefore, it is necessary to reform the existing parallel trial mode and promote the concentration of trial in order to improve judicial efficiency. In order to reform the existing trial methods, we should take full advantage of the help provided by the reform of the current judicial system and the practical experience of the basic courts while absorbing the experience of the Anglo-American law system and the reform of Germany and Japan. The focus of the reform is the establishment of independent pretrial preparation procedures and trial changes. The core of the reform of trial mode is to change the present practice of court investigation and court debate step by step, so that both of them can be carried out simultaneously and strengthen the exercise of the judge's right of interpretation at the same time. The purpose of the reform is to promote the materialization of the trial and to promote the construction of the trial-centered litigation system.
【学位授予单位】：太原科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.1

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