贿赂犯罪初查对象询问制度研究

发布时间：2019-01-24 08:23

【摘要】：贿赂犯罪,通常是行受贿双方在没有第三人在场的情况下发生的现金交易,其行为从发生到结束具有隐蔽性、复杂性和无痕性的特点,检察机关查办贿赂犯罪案件要面对线索成案率低、客观证据少、立案条件标准高、犯罪嫌疑人反侦查能力强等问题,必然高度重视在初查阶段利用询问初查对象收集与案件相关的言词证据,一方面解决判明线索是否符合决定立案的条件,另一方面过渡衔接立案启动刑事侦查。但是,现行司法解释对侦查人员在初查阶段询问初查对象只作了原则性规定,缺乏具体的操作规范,也没有相应的监督制约机制,容易出现侦查部门滥用措施,侵犯初查对象人身权利的问题,违背了刑事诉讼法指控犯罪与保障人权并重的价值目标。本文试图从解决初查对象询问措施的合法性、可操作性和监督缺位问题的角度,提出系统构建贿赂犯罪初查对象询问制度的构想。本文除结束语之外,分为四个部分:第一部分主要概述初查对象询问制度的概念和法律依据,提出询问初查对象实质缺乏法律依据的问题,并通过与到案措施、讯问进行辨析,准确定性询问初查对象的本质。第二部分主要通过研究贿赂犯罪案件的立案启动、初查证据的证据能力、初查对象的自首认定,解决初查对象询问措施与诉讼程序的衔接。本部分首先介绍线索由初查终结转入立案的程序。其次,论证初查对象询问措施所获言词证据可以通过转化进入刑事诉讼作为证据使用。再次,论证初查对象接到检察机关询问通知后,主动到达指定地点并如实交代主要贿赂犯罪事实的是投案自首。第三部分主要通过典型案例分析、适用现状调查来发现初查对象询问措施在贿赂犯罪案件查办中存在的问题,并从制度方面、客观方面、办案实务方面因素来探究问题根源。第四部分主要是初查对象询问制度的构建。本部分首先建议要从立法上确认初查制度,并通过司法解释系统规范初查对象询问措施。其次,建议通过前移全程同步录音录像、全面客观记录询问过程、发挥内部监督和引入外部监督来强化监督制约机制。再次,建议确立初查案件归档制度、立案前非法证据排除规则、对主办检察官终身追责制度等系统构建救济制度。
[Abstract]:The crime of bribery, usually a cash transaction between the two sides of the bribery without the presence of a third person, is characterized by concealment, complexity and absence of traces from the occurrence to the end. Procuratorial organs have to face the following problems in investigating bribery crimes: low rate of clues, less objective evidence, high standard of filing cases, strong ability of criminal suspects in counter-investigation, etc. It is necessary to attach great importance to collecting the verbal evidence related to the case in the initial investigation stage, on the one hand, to solve the problem of determining whether the clues meet the conditions of filing the case, and on the other hand, to link up the filing of the case and start the criminal investigation. However, the current judicial interpretation only provides in principle for investigators to inquire about the initial investigation objects at the initial investigation stage, lacks specific operational norms and has no corresponding supervision and restriction mechanism, and is prone to the abuse of measures by the investigation department. The violation of the object's personal rights violates the value goal of accusing crime and safeguarding human rights in criminal procedure law. This paper attempts to solve the legality, maneuverability and lack of supervision of the inquiry measures, and puts forward the idea of systematically constructing the inquiry system of the initial investigation object of the bribery crime. In addition to the conclusion, this paper is divided into four parts: the first part mainly summarizes the concept and legal basis of the initial investigation object inquiry system, puts forward the question that the inquiring object lacks the legal basis in essence, and discriminates and analyzes the interrogation through the measures to the case. Accurate qualitative questioning of the nature of the initial object. The second part mainly through the study of bribery cases of the start of the case, the evidence of the initial investigation of the ability, the initial investigation of the object of voluntary identification, to solve the initial investigation of the object of questioning measures and the link with the proceedings. This part first introduces the clue from the end of the initial investigation into the filing procedure. Secondly, it demonstrates that the verbal evidence obtained by the initial inquiry measures can be used as evidence through the transformation into criminal proceedings. Thirdly, after receiving the notice of the procuratorial organ, the object of initial investigation voluntarily reaches the designated place and truthfully explains the facts of the main bribery crime is surrender. The third part mainly through the typical case analysis, applies the present situation investigation to discover the initial investigation object inquiry measure in the bribery crime case investigation existence question, and from the system aspect, the objective aspect, the case handling practice aspect factor to explore the question root. The fourth part is the construction of the initial inquiry system. This part first suggests that we should confirm the initial investigation system in legislation and standardize the inquiry measures through the judicial interpretation system. Secondly, it is suggested that the internal supervision and the introduction of external supervision should be used to strengthen the supervision and control mechanism by moving forward the whole process of synchronous audio and video recording, comprehensively and objectively recording the interrogation process. Thirdly, it is suggested to establish the filing system of initial investigation cases, the exclusion rules of illegal evidence before filing the case, and to construct a relief system for the system of lifetime liability system of the host prosecutor.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.2

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