论证明责任作为民事裁判的基本方法——兼就“人狗猫大战”案裁判与杨立新教授商榷

发布时间：2019-03-17 16:28

【摘要】：证明责任之所以成为"民事诉讼的脊梁",在于其作为民事案件基本裁判方法的功能。在传统司法三段论之外,现代证明责任上升为民事案件基本裁判方法是因"规范说"而兴起,并由"修正规范说"加以完成的。我国司法实践中长期忽视证明责任的裁判方法论功能。仅在审判最后阶段案件事实落入真伪不明情形时利用证明责任分配来决定败诉结果的承担,实际上使证明责任沦为民事诉讼的"尾骨",是对其功能与意义的严重贬损。基于案件事实的二重性,事实问题的判断理论上存在"二阶结构"。证明责任是法律适用理论的一部分,而法律适用的核心是对案件事实作必要的判断,证明责任实质上是裁判规范的援引问题,即实体法问题。
[Abstract]:The reason why the burden of proof becomes the backbone of civil action lies in its function as the basic adjudication method of civil cases. In addition to the traditional judicial theory, the modern burden of proof rose to the basic adjudication method of civil cases because of the "norm theory", which was completed by the "modified norm theory". In the judicial practice of our country, the adjudication methodology function of burden of proof has been neglected for a long time. Only in the final stage of the trial, when the facts of the case fall into the unknown true or false, the burden of proof is used to determine the burden of losing the outcome of the case. In fact, the burden of proof is reduced to the "coccyx" of the civil action, which is a serious derogation of its function and significance. Based on the duality of the facts of a case, there is a "second-order structure" in the theory of judging the problem of fact. The burden of proof is a part of the theory of the application of law, and the core of the application of the law is to make the necessary judgment on the facts of the case. In essence, the burden of proof is the issue of invoking the norms of adjudication, that is, the issue of substantive law.
【作者单位】：南昌大学法学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金一般项目“民事证明责任的实证考察与制度重构”(项目编号:13BFX069)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D925.1

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