民事公益诉讼原告主体适格问题实例研究
发布时间：2019-03-24 11:21
【摘要】：全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十八次会议于2012年8月31日召开,会议对《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》进行了修改,对民事公益诉讼中的相关问题进行了规定,修改后的第五十五条明确规定“对污染环境、侵害众多消费者合法权益等损害社会公共利益的行为,法律规定的机关和有关组织可以向人民法院提起诉讼。”这一修改为民事公益诉讼制度的确立和完善提供了民事诉讼法依据,满足了当前社会各界对建立公益诉讼制度的迫切需求,对维护社会公共利益具有重要的意义和价值。在公益诉讼制度建立之初,明确民事公益诉讼的原告主体适格问题是重中之重。我国现有的民事诉讼理论在原告主体适格问题上采用了“直接利害关系”的表述,然而在民事公益诉讼领域,原告已经不局限于“直接利害关系”的范围,这需要我们不断发展现有的民事诉讼主体适格理论,探索出专门的民事公益诉讼主体适格理论。检察机关、特定行政机关、社会组织是民事公益诉讼原告的适格主体。本文将采用案例分析的研究方式分析这三个主体作为民事公益诉讼原告的主体适格性。本论文主要分为四部分,第一部分对民事公益诉讼主体适格的基础理论进行阐述,第二部分、第三部分、第四部分分别通过对C市检察院诉许某甲、许某乙污染环境案,D市环保局诉吴某等环境污染责任纠纷案,S市消保委诉S公司、O公司侵权责任纠纷案这三个案例进行分析,从检察机关、特定行政机关、社会组织三个主体入手,分析其提起民事公益诉讼的合法性、合理性。要想不断丰富和发展民事公益诉讼原告主体适格理论,应摆脱“直接利害关系”对民事公益诉讼原告适格主体的限制,探索符合社会潮流和满足维护公共利益需要的公益诉讼体系。一方面要在实体法中对民事公益诉讼原告主体进行详细、具体的规定,明确检察机关、特定行政机关、社会组织作为民事公益诉讼原告适格主体的前提条件和限制规定。另一方面应在程序法中对民事公益诉讼程序进行专门规定,明确其特殊性,使之与普通民事诉讼区别开来,促进民事公益诉讼制度的发展,使之成为维护社会公共利益重要手段。
[Abstract]:The twenty-eighth meeting of the standing Committee of the National people's Congress was held on 31 August 2012, at which the Civil procedure Law of the people's Republic of China was amended and related issues in civil public interest litigation were regulated, Article 55, as amended, clearly stipulates that "[t] he acts of polluting the environment, infringing upon the legitimate rights and interests of many consumers, etc., which harm the public interest of the society, may be brought before a people's court by the organs and relevant organizations prescribed by the law." This amendment provides the basis of civil procedure law for the establishment and perfection of civil public interest litigation system, satisfies the urgent demand of the establishment of public interest litigation system from all walks of life, and is of great significance and value to the maintenance of social public interest. At the beginning of the establishment of the public interest litigation system, it is the most important to make clear the subject suitability of plaintiff in civil public interest litigation. The existing theory of civil litigation in China has adopted the expression of "direct interest" in the subject fitness of plaintiff. However, in the field of civil public interest litigation, plaintiff is no longer limited to the scope of "direct interest". This requires us to continue to develop the existing civil litigation subject fitness theory, to explore a special civil public interest litigation subject fitness theory. Procuratorial organs, specific administrative organs and social organizations are suitable subjects of civil public interest litigation plaintiff. This article will use the case study method to analyze the three subjects as the civil public interest litigation plaintiff's subject suitability. This paper is divided into four parts, the first part expounds the basic theory of civil public interest litigation subject fitness, the second part, the third part, the fourth part respectively through the C City Procuratorate against A, Xu B pollution of the environment case, D City Environmental Protection Bureau v. Wu and other environmental pollution liability disputes, S City Insurance Commission v. S Company, O Company Tort liability dispute three cases were analyzed, starting from the procuratorial organs, specific administrative organs, social organizations three main bodies, The legitimacy and rationality of civil public interest litigation are analyzed. In order to continuously enrich and develop the theory of plaintiff subject fitness in civil public interest litigation, we should get rid of the restriction of "direct interest" on plaintiff's suitable subject in civil public interest litigation. To explore a public interest litigation system that conforms to the social trend and meets the needs of maintaining the public interest. On the one hand, the main body of civil public interest litigation plaintiff should be detailed and specified in the substantive law, and the preconditions and restrictions of procuratorial organs, specific administrative organs and social organizations as the suitable subjects of civil public interest litigation plaintiff should be made clear. On the other hand, the procedure of civil public interest litigation should be specified in the procedural law, so that it can be distinguished from the ordinary civil litigation, and the development of civil public interest litigation system should be promoted. To make it an important means of safeguarding the public interest of the society.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D925.1
本文编号：2446280
[Abstract]:The twenty-eighth meeting of the standing Committee of the National people's Congress was held on 31 August 2012, at which the Civil procedure Law of the people's Republic of China was amended and related issues in civil public interest litigation were regulated, Article 55, as amended, clearly stipulates that "[t] he acts of polluting the environment, infringing upon the legitimate rights and interests of many consumers, etc., which harm the public interest of the society, may be brought before a people's court by the organs and relevant organizations prescribed by the law." This amendment provides the basis of civil procedure law for the establishment and perfection of civil public interest litigation system, satisfies the urgent demand of the establishment of public interest litigation system from all walks of life, and is of great significance and value to the maintenance of social public interest. At the beginning of the establishment of the public interest litigation system, it is the most important to make clear the subject suitability of plaintiff in civil public interest litigation. The existing theory of civil litigation in China has adopted the expression of "direct interest" in the subject fitness of plaintiff. However, in the field of civil public interest litigation, plaintiff is no longer limited to the scope of "direct interest". This requires us to continue to develop the existing civil litigation subject fitness theory, to explore a special civil public interest litigation subject fitness theory. Procuratorial organs, specific administrative organs and social organizations are suitable subjects of civil public interest litigation plaintiff. This article will use the case study method to analyze the three subjects as the civil public interest litigation plaintiff's subject suitability. This paper is divided into four parts, the first part expounds the basic theory of civil public interest litigation subject fitness, the second part, the third part, the fourth part respectively through the C City Procuratorate against A, Xu B pollution of the environment case, D City Environmental Protection Bureau v. Wu and other environmental pollution liability disputes, S City Insurance Commission v. S Company, O Company Tort liability dispute three cases were analyzed, starting from the procuratorial organs, specific administrative organs, social organizations three main bodies, The legitimacy and rationality of civil public interest litigation are analyzed. In order to continuously enrich and develop the theory of plaintiff subject fitness in civil public interest litigation, we should get rid of the restriction of "direct interest" on plaintiff's suitable subject in civil public interest litigation. To explore a public interest litigation system that conforms to the social trend and meets the needs of maintaining the public interest. On the one hand, the main body of civil public interest litigation plaintiff should be detailed and specified in the substantive law, and the preconditions and restrictions of procuratorial organs, specific administrative organs and social organizations as the suitable subjects of civil public interest litigation plaintiff should be made clear. On the other hand, the procedure of civil public interest litigation should be specified in the procedural law, so that it can be distinguished from the ordinary civil litigation, and the development of civil public interest litigation system should be promoted. To make it an important means of safeguarding the public interest of the society.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D925.1
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